Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
Excessive Alcohol Consumption High Sodium Diet Dyslipidemia Obesity People of African Descent Advanced Age Vitamin D Deficiency Reduced Nephron Number Diabetes Lack of Physical Activity Blood Pressure Classification (JNC 7)
Normal Systolic (<120) Diastolic (< 80) Prehypertension Systolic +20 (120-139) Diastolic +10 (80-89) Stage 1 Hypertension Systolic +20 (140-159) Diastolic +10 (90-99) Stage 2 Hypertension Systolic + > 20 (160) Diastolic + > 10 (100) Hypertensive Crisis Systolic > 180 Diastolic > 110 Blood Pressure Classification (ACC/AHA 2017)
Normal Systolic Less than 120 Diastolic Less than 80 Elevated Systolic +10 (120-129) Diastolic Less than 80 Stage 1 Hypertension Systolic +10 (130-139) Diastolic +10 (80-89) Stage 2 Hypertension Systolic +40 (140-179) Diastolic +30 (90-119) Hypertensive Crisis Systolic greater than or equal to 180 Diastolic greater than or equal to 120 Hypertension Assessment
Essential Hypertension Secondary Hypertension Headache Vision Changes Nosebleed (Epistaxis) Chest Pain Syncope (Fainting) Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks) Take BP Both Arms Common in African Americans Hypertension Intervention
Weight Reduction and Exercise Diet Changes Relaxation Techniques Smoking Cessation Medications Encourage Self Monitoring Hypertension Medications
Diuretics ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) Beta Blockers Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers Supine Hypotension (Vena Cava Syndrome)
Compression of the Vena Cava and Descending Aorta Hypotension Dizziness Tachycardia Decreased Renal Perfusion Decreased Uteroplacental Perfusion Side-lying Position Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
Atherosclerosis Intermittent Claudication Pain with Exercise Paresthesias Arterial Ulcers Critical Limb Ischemia Amputation Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) Arterial Ulcer Assessment
Absent or Decreased Pulses Intermittent Claudication Sharp Pain Dependent Rubor Well Defined Edges Over Bony Areas Smooth, Shiny Skin Toes, Heels, Lateral Lower Legs Cool Arterial Ulcer Interventions
Saline Dressing Structured Exercise Programs Fibrinolytics Antiplatelet Medication No Caffeine, Nicotine Surgery Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Assessment
Venous Stasis Ulcer Uneven Edges Dull Persistent Pain Medial Malleolus Necrotic Normal Pulses Lower Leg Edema Bronze-Brown Pigmentation Warm Pruritus Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Interventions
Frequently Elevate Legs Avoid Standing/Sitting for Long Periods of Time Elastic Compression Stockings Bilayer Artificial Skin Daflon Wound Dressings Proper Foot and Leg Care Superficial Thrombophlebitis
IV Catheter Irritation Erythema Cord-like Vein Edema Remove IV Catheter Elevate Warm Compress Rotate Sites Q3 Days Aseptic Technique Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment
Atherosclerosis Bruit Pulsation in Abdomen Abdominal or Lower Back Pain Tearing Pain Ultrasound Rupture Shock Surgical Repair Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Elderly Men Above the Diaphragm Usually Asymptomatic Hypertension Smoking Connective Tissue Disorders Vasculitis Chest X-Ray Chest CT Angiography Manage Risk Factors Surgery if Rupture or Dissection Observation if Asymptomatic Stable Angina
Chest Pain with Exertion Relieved within 15 Minutes ST Depression Nitroglycerin Up to 3 Doses q 5 Minutes Rest Antiplatelet Medication CABG Angioplasty Unstable Angina
Chest Pain with Rest or Exertion Limits ADLs > 15 Minutes Less Likely Relieved by Nitroglycerin ST Depression Fatigue Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Treatment Emergency Treatment Myocardial Infarction Assessment
Substernal Chest Pain Crushing or Dull Sensation Arm, Jaw, and Neck > 20 Minutes Unrelieved by Nitro Palpitations Diaphoresis Fear of Impending Doom Nausea and Vomiting Shortness of Breath Monitor for Arrhythmias Myocardial Infarction Diagnosis
12 Lead ECG ST Elevation Q Wave T Wave Inversion Troponin T and I CK-MB Early ECG Cardiac Stress Test Myocardial Infarction Interventions
Morphine Oxygen Nitrates Aspirin Thrombolytics (tPA) Cardiac Catheterization Stent Placement Angioplasty Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) Decrease Modifiable Risk Factors Resuming Activity (Physical, Sexual) View More
GET PLAYLIST