Alisha Shared "Neuro exam 4" - 39 Picmonics
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Neuro exam 4
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
CN III
- Oculomotor Nerve
- Motor
- Eye Movement
- Accommodation
- Eyelid Opening
- Pupillary Constriction
1 min
CN IV
- Trochlear Nerve
- Motor
- Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates
48 secs
CN VI
- Abducens Nerve
- Motor
- Abducts Eye
48 secs
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Etiology
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Clinical Features
- Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
- Descending Curtain
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Plaques
- Grayish Retinal Discoloration
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Interventions
- Ocular Massage
- Reduce Intraocular Pressure
3 mins
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Etiologies
- Hypercoagulability
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Clinical Features
- Non-Ischemic
- Mild to Moderate Vision Loss
- Sparse Dot-blot and Flame Hemorrhages
- Ischemic
- Sudden, Painless Vision Loss
- "Blood and Thunder" Appearance
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Papilledema
- Interventions
- Observation if Non-Ischemic
- Laser Photocoagulation
- VEGF Inhibitors
3 mins
Common Eye Disorders
- Common Eye Disorders
- Conjunctivitis
- Refractive Errors
- Presbyopia
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
- Uveitis
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Retinal Detachment
- Leukocoria
- Cranial Nerve Palsies
4 mins
Detached Retina
- Assessment
- Flashes of Light
- Floaters
- Curtain Like Shadow
- Interventions
- Eye Patch
- Bed Rest
- Surgical Emergency
- Considerations
- No Vigorous Activity
2 mins
Diabetic Retinopathy
- Most Common Cause of Blindess in the USA
- Retinal Damage due to Chronic Hyperglycemia
- Cotton wool spots
- Nonproliferative
- Nonproliferative
- Damaged capillaries leak blood
- This causes lipids and fluid to seep into retina
- Results in Hemorrhages and Macular Edema
- Control Blood Sugar for Treatment
- Proliferative
- Proliferative
- Chronic hypoxia results in new blood vessel formation with resultant traction on retina
- Peripheral Retinal Photocoagulation for treatment
- Surgery
- Anti-VEGF
External Eye Abnormalities
- Extraocular Muscle Dysfunction
- Strabismus
- Eyelid Abnormalities
- Exophthalmos
- Ptosis
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- eyelid lesions
- Blepharitis
- Dacryocystitis
- Hordeolum (Stye)
- Chalazion
- Pupil Abnormalities
- Anisocoria
- Mydriasis
- Miosis
- Abnormalities on Cornea and Iris
- Pterygium
- Hyphema
- Hypopyon
4 mins
Eye
- Characteristics
- Sclera
- Cornea
- Iris
- Lens
- Ciliary Muscles
- Optic Nerve
- Rods
- Cones
- Retina
1 min
Hypertensive Retinopathy
- Etiology
- Chronic Hypertension
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Flame Hemorrhages
- Arteriovenous Nicking
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Macular Star
- Papilledema
- Treatment
- Lower Blood Pressure
2 mins
Internal Eye Abnormalities
- Lens Opacities
- Nuclear Cataract
- Cortical Cataract
- Optic Disc Abnormalities
- Papilledema
- Optic Atrophy
- Excessive Cup-Disc Ratio
- Visual Field Loss
- Macular Degeneration
- Scotomas
- Increased Ocular Pressure
- Retinal Detachment
- Optic Tract Lesions
- Vascular Abnormalities of the Retina
- Arteriovenous Crossing
- Attenuated Arteries
- Diabetic Retinopathy
4 mins
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage
- Often Asymptomatic
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Hard Exudates
- Macular Edema
- Management
- Treat Diabetes
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Bevacizumab
3 mins
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Angiogenesis
- Increased VEGF
- Asymptomatic Until Late-stage
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Vitreous Hemorrhage
- Retinal Detachment
- Glaucoma
- Findings of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Management
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Surgery
- Bevacizumab
2 mins
Refractive Errors of the Eye
- Types
- Myopia
- Focal Point Anterior to Retina
- Increased Risk for Retinal Detachment
- Hyperopia
- Focal Point Posterior to Retina
- Increased Risk for Angle-closure Glaucoma
- Astigmatism
- Abnormal Corneal Curvature
- Increased Risk for Amblyopia
2 mins
Retinal Pathologies
- Retinal Vein Occlusion: Due to compression from nearby arterial atherosclerosis
- Transient unilateral vision loss
- Laser photocoagulation
- Retinal hemorrhage and venous engorgement on fundoscopy
- Central retinal artery occlusion:
- Painless, persistent unilateral vision loss
- Ocular massage, thrombolysis
- Pale retina with cherry-red spot at fovea
- Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Retinitis pigmentosa: Inherited
- Begins with night blindness
- Worsens to tunnel vision/bitemporal hemianopsia
- Retinitis pigmentosa: bone spicule-shaped deposits around macula
- Papilledema: Optic disc swelling due to increased itracranial pressure
- Enlarged blind spot, blurred disc margins
- Retinal Hemorrhage
- Associated with HTN
- "Dot and Flame" Appearance on fundoscopy
- Cotton Wool Spots
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Characteristics
- Hereditary Retinal Degeneration
- Clinical Features
- Night Blindness
- Contrast and Color Defects
- Tunnel Vision
- Associations
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
- Refsum Disease
- Diagnosis
- Bone Spicule-shaped Retinal Deposits
- Considerations
- Permanent Blindness
2 mins
Retinoblastoma
- Characteristics
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Chromosome 13
- Children
- Presentation
- Leukocoria
- Strabismus
- Vision Loss
- Association
- Osteosarcoma
- Diagnosis
- Genetic Testing
- Management
- Cryotherapy
- Photocoagulation
- Chemotherapy or Radiation
- Surgery
3 mins
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