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OBGYN Midterm
Gestational Hypertension
New-Onset Hypertension
> 20 Weeks Gestation
Risk Factors
Nulliparity
Obesity
African American Females
> 35 years Old
Multiple Gestations
Family History of Gestational HTN (or Preeclampsia)
Complications
IUGR
Prematurity
Abruptio Placentae
Management
Fetal Monitoring
Alpha-Methyldopa
Beta-Blockers (Labetalol)
Calcium Channel Blockers
Hydralazine
4 mins
Preeclampsia Assessment
After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy
Mild
Hypertension > 140/90
Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
Severe
Hypertension > 160/110
Progressive Renal Insufficiency
Vision Changes
HELLP Syndrome
Pulmonary Edema
2 mins
Preeclampsia Interventions
Side Lying Position and Bedrest
Antihypertensives
Magnesium Sulfate
Labor Induction
1 min
Severe Preeclampsia
Mechanism of Action
Vasospasm and Decreased Organ Perfusion
Intravascular Coagulation
Increased Permeability and Capillary Leakage
Signs and Symptoms
Hypertension
Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
HELLP Syndrome
Hepatic Dysfunction and Hemolysis
Elevated Liver Enzymes
Low Platelet Counts
3 mins
Eclampsia
Mechanism of Action
Increased Central Nervous System Irritability
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperreflexia
Positive Ankle Clonus
Headaches
Visual Disturbances
Epigastric or RUQ Pain
Seizures
Coma
Considerations
Don't Leave Bedside
Magnesium Sulfate
2 mins
Probable Signs of Pregnancy
Goodell Sign
Chadwick Sign
Hegar Sign
Positive Serum and Urine Sample
Braxton Hicks Contractions
Ballottement
2 mins
Presumptive Signs of Pregnancy
Amenorrhea
Fatigue
Urinary Frequency
Nausea and Vomiting
Breast Changes
Quickening
1 min
Positive Signs of Pregnancy
Fetus on Ultrasound
Fetal Heart Rate by Doppler or Fetoscope
Fetal X-ray
Fetal Movements
1 min
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy
Complete Blood Cell Count
Blood Typing
Rubella Titer
Hepatitis B
HIV Testing
Urinalysis
Diabetes
Pap Smears
2 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (1st Visit)
Diagnosis
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Blood Typing and Rh
Rubella
HIV
Hepatitis B
Tuberculosis Skin Mantoux Test (PPD)
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chlamydia
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Syphilis
Pap Smears
Urinalysis
Sickle Cell Screening (If Indicated)
2 mins
Lab and Diagnostic Tests During Pregnancy (Other Visits)
Diagnosis
10-13 Weeks
Offer Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)
15-18 Weeks
Quad Screen
18-20 Weeks
Ultrasound
Anatomic Screening
24-28 Weeks
One-Hour Glucose Challenge Test
35-37 Weeks
Streptococcus Agalactiae
3 mins
Prenatal Care
Prenatal Visits
Vital Signs, FHR
Fundal Height
Urine Dipstick
Weight
Prenatal Screening
Laboratory Testing
2 mins
True vs. False Labor
Bloody Show
True Labor
Regular, Strong Contractions
Progressive Effacement and Dilation
Engagement of Presenting Part
False Labor
Irregular Contractions
Cervix Soft
No Engagement of Presenting Part
2 mins
Ectopic Pregnancy
Signs and Symptoms
Lower Abdominal Pain
Delayed Menses
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Shock
Referred Shoulder Pain
Cullen Sign
Considerations
Methotrexate
Surgery
RhoGAM
2 mins
Placenta Previa
Mechanism
Placenta Covers Cervical Os
Assessment
Painless
Bright Red Vaginal Bleeding
Interventions
Stable Fetus
Bed Rest
Observation
Unstable Fetus
C-section Delivery
Considerations
Risk for Shock
Magnesium Sulfate
Tocolysis
3 mins
Abruptio Placentae
Mechanism
Premature Separation of Placenta
Assessment
Tearing Pain
Bleeding (Often Concealed)
Rigid Uterus
Contractions
Interventions
Corticosteroids as Needed
Emergent Delivery
Considerations
Increased Risks for Neonate
Rh (Rhesus) Incompatibilities
Increased Risk for Shock
Monitor Fetal Heart Rate
3 mins
Gestational Diabetes
Signs and Symptoms
Usually Asymptomatic
Fetal Macrosomia
Polyhydramnios
Diagnosis
Glucose Intolerance After 24 Weeks Gestation
3-hr 100g Glucose Tolerance Test
Treatment
Diet and Exercise
Close Glucose Monitoring
Insulin
Ultrasound (or Nonstress Test (NST))
Delivery
2 mins
Discomforts of Pregnancy - First Trimester
Breast Tenderness
Supportive Bra
Nausea and Vomiting
Frequent Small Meals
Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Frequently Empty Bladder
Leukorrhea
Perineal Pad
Ptyalism
2 mins
Discomforts of Pregnancy - Second Trimester
Supine Hypotension
Side-lying Position
Food Cravings
Heartburn (Pyrosis)
Constipation
Moderate Exercise
Varicose Veins
Elevate Legs
Backache
Pelvic Tilt Exercise
Considerations
Nutrition
2 mins
Discomforts of Pregnancy - Third Trimester
Shortness of Breath (SOB)
Rest Periods
Return of Urinary Frequency and Urgency
Empty Bladder Regularly
Leg Cramps
Stretching Exercises
Ankle Edema
Elevate Legs
2 mins
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