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Alyse Shared "FOM 7" - 48 Picmonics

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FOM 7

Insulin
Rapid Acting
Insulin Lispro (Humalog)
Insulin Aspart (Novolog)
Insulin Glulisine (Apidra)
Short Acting
Regular Insulin (Humulin R)
Intermediate Acting
Isophane NPH (Humulin N)
Long Acting
Detemir (Levemir)
Glargine (Lantus)
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2 mins
Metformin
Indications
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Mechanism of Action
Decreased Gluconeogenesis
Increased Insulin Sensitivity
Side Effects
Lactic Acidosis
GI Distress
Weight Loss
B12 Deficiency
Contraindication
GFR < 30 ml/min
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2 mins
Glyburide and Glipizide (2nd Generation Sulfonylureas)
Mechanisms
2nd Generation Sulfonylureas
Blocks Potassium Channels in Beta Cells
Stimulate Release of Insulin
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
More Potent
Beta Blockers Reduce Effects
Avoid Alcohol
Avoid Breastfeeding
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2 mins
Pioglitazone (Thiazolidinediones)
-glitazones Suffix
Mechanism
Binds PPAR-Gamma
Decreases Insulin Resistance
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Weight Gain
Heart Failure
Myalgia
Hypoglycemia
Upper Respiratory Infection
Considerations
Increased Risk of Bladder Cancer
Increased Fracture Risk in Women
Monitor Liver Enzymes
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2 mins
Acarbose (Precose) and Miglitol (Glyset) (Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors)
Mechanisms
Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors
Delays Absorption of Carbohydrates
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Flatulence
Diarrhea
Anemia
Cramps
Considerations
Monitor LFTs
Oral Glucose for Hypoglycemia
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2 mins
Repaglinide and Nateglinide (Meglitinides)
Mechanisms
Meglitinides
Increased Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effect
Hypoglycemia
Considerations
Eat Within 30 Minutes
Gemfibrozil Increases Risk of Hypoglycemia
Short Half-Life
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2 mins
Sitagliptin (Januvia) and Saxagliptin (Onglyza) (DPP-4 Inhibitors)
-gliptin Suffix
Mechanisms
DPP-4 Inhibitor
Increases Insulin Release
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Pancreatitis
Upper Respiratory Infection and Inflammation
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Considerations
Used as Add-on Agents
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2 mins
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Mechanism
Synthetic Amylin Analog
Indications
Diabetes Type 1 and 2
Supplement Mealtime Insulin
Side Effects
Nausea
Skin Reactions at Injection Site
Considerations
Hypoglycemia When Combined with Insulin
Delayed Absorption of Oral Drugs
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2 mins
Exenatide (Byetta)
Mechanism
Incretin Mimetic
GLP-1 Synthetic Analog
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes
Side Effects
Hypoglycemia
Nausea and Vomiting
Diarrhea
Thyroid Cancer
Pancreatitis
Renal Failure
Considerations
(Give Exenatide) One Hour After Other Medications
Adjunct Therapy
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3 mins
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Mechanism
Increases Glucose
Indications
Hypoglycemic Emergency
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Reconstitute Powder
Consume Oral Carbohydrates
50% Dextrose IV (If No Effect)
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2 mins
SGLT2 Inhibitors
"-gliflozin" Suffix
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Glucose Reabsorption in Proximal Tubule
Indications
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Side Effects
Weight Loss
Lower Blood Pressure
Hyperkalemia
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Considerations
Contraindicated in Chronic Kidney Disease
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1 min
Magnesium Sulfate
Mechanism
Muscle Relaxant
Indications
Preterm Labor Contractions
Preeclampsia
Side Effects
Warm Feeling
Hypotension
Decreased Deep Tendon Reflexes (DTRS)
Decreased Respiratory Rate
Decreased Urine Output
Paralytic Ileus
Antidote
Calcium Gluconate
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2 mins
Oxytocin (Pitocin)
Mechanism of Action
Increase Uterine Contractions
Indications
Labor Induction
Control Postpartum Hemorrhage
Side Effects
Uterine Rupture
Water Intoxication
Contraindications
Fetal Lung Immaturity
Cervix Not Ripened
Active Genital Herpes Infection
Considerations
Use Lowest Dose
IV Pump
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3 mins
Carboprost (Hemabate)
Mechanism
Prostaglandin F2-alpha Analog
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Indications
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Abortion
Side Effects
GI Distress
Hypertension
Fever
Bronchoconstriction
Considerations
Identify Cause of Fever
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2 mins
Dinoprostone and Misoprostol
Mechanism
Prostaglandins
Indications
Promote Cervical Ripening
Prevent GI Ulcers
Medical Abortion
Side Effects
Fetal Distress
Hyperstimulation of Uterus
Considerations
Vaginal Insertion
Give Before Induction of Labor
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2 mins
Methylergonovine (Methergine) and Ergotamine (Ergot Alkaloids)
Mechanism
Smooth Muscle Contraction
Vasoconstriction
Indications
Migraine
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
Severe Hypertension
Tachycardia
Considerations
2nd Line Agent
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2 mins
Terbutaline (Brethine)
Mechanism of Action
Beta-2 Agonists
Indications
Asthma
Tocolytic
Side Effects
Tremor
Tachycardia
Pulmonary Edema
Hypokalemia
Hyperglycemia
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2 mins
Mifepristone, Ulipristal (Antiprogestins)
Mechanism of Action
Progesterone Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Mifepristone
Pregnancy Termination With Misoprostol
Ulipristal
Emergency Contraception
Side effects
Abdominal Pain
Vomiting
Diarrhea
other mechanisms of action
At High Doses: Cortisol Antagonist
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2 mins
Clomiphene
Indications
Infertility
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
Mechanism of Action
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM)
Hypothalamus
Estrogen Antagonist
Increased GnRH, LH and FSH Secretion
Induction of Ovulation
Side Effects
Multiple Gestations
Visual Disturbances
Hot Flashes
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2 mins
Aromatase Inhibitors
Indications
Estrogen Receptor-positive (ER+) Breast Tumors
Systemic Metastases
Drugs
Reversible, non-steroid
Letrozole
Anastrozole
Irreversible, steroid
Exemestane
Side Effects
Osteoporosis
Arthritis
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1 min

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