Angie Shared "Pharm I Week 5 Antibiotics, Antifungals, Antivirals" - 23 Picmonics
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Pharm I Week 5 Antibiotics, Antifungals, Antivirals
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Inhibits Viral Replication
- Thymidine Kinase Activation
- Indications
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
- Side Effects (Oral)
- Headache
- GI Distress
- Side Effects (IV)
- CNS Toxicity
- Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
- Considerations
- Prevents Recurrent Episodes
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Amphotericin B
- Indications
- Systemic Mycosis
- Fungal Meningitis
- Last Resort for Protozoan infections
- Mechanism
- Polyene
- Binds Ergosterol
- Forms Membrane Pores
1 min
Amphotericin B Side Effects & Toxicity
- Side Effects
- Fever/Chills "Shake and Bake"
- Nephrotoxicity
- Milder with Liposomes
- Hypotension
- Anemia
- IV Phlebitis
- Arrhythmias
1 min
Azoles (Ketoconazole)
- "-azole" suffix
- Indications
- Local and Less Serious Systemic Mycosis
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Ergosterol Synthesis
- Inhibits P450
- Side Effects
- Liver Dysfunction
- Inhibition of Testosterone Synthesis
1 min
Clindamycin
- Mechanism
- Bacteriostatic
- Binds 50S Ribosomal Subunit
- Indications
- Gram-Positive Infections
- Anaerobic Infections
- Side Effects
- Rash
- Pseudomembranous Colitis
- C. Difficile (Associated Diarrhea)
- Arrhythmias
- Blood Dyscrasias
- Considerations
- Monitor for Diarrhea
3 mins
Fluoroquinolones
- End in "-floxacin"
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Indications
- Variety of Infections
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Photosensitivity
- Achilles Tendon Rupture
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Children
- Myasthenia Gravis
- Considerations
- Avoid Milk Products or Antacids
- Slow IV Infusion
2 mins
Fluoroquinolones Toxicities
- Diarrhea
- Skin Rash
- Headache
- Tendon Rupture in Adults
- Myalgias in Kids
- Damage to Cartilage
- Teratogen
- QT Prolongation
1 min
Ganciclovir
- Indications
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Immunocompromised
- Mechanism
- Guanosine Analog
- Disrupts DNA Synthesis
- Inhibits Viral DNA Polymerase
- Side Effects
- Hematologic Effects
- Nephrotoxicity
1 min
Giardia lamblia
- Characteristics
- Protozoa
- Ingestion of Cysts
- Seen in Campers
- Daycare Centers
- Mental Hospitals
- Infects Small Intestine
- Signs and Symptoms
- Bloating
- Flatulence
- Fatty Diarrhea
- Diagnosis
- Crescent-shaped Protozoa Adjacent to Epithelial Brush Border
- Predisposed if Low IgA
- Treatment
- Metronidazole
3 mins
HAART
- HIV
- Begin at Diagnosis
- 3 Drugs
- 2 NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
- And one of the following:
- NNRTI (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
- or Protease Inhibitor
- or Integrase Inhibitor
1 min
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
- Assessment
- RNA Retrovirus
- CD4+ Helper T Cells
- Primary Infection
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Lymphadenopathy
- Symptomatic Stage
- Fatigue
- Diarrhea
- Unexplained Weight Loss
- White Spots on Tongue
- Persistent Fever
- Night Sweats
2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
- Primary Infection
- Within 3 Weeks
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Stage
- Years
- Symptomatic Stage
- CD4+ < 500
- AIDS
- Opportunistic Infections
- CD4+ < 200
2 mins
Isoniazid (INH)
- Mechanism
- Interferes with DNA Metabolism
- Indications
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Side Effects
- Optic Neuritis
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Hepatotoxicity
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Considerations
- Vitamin B6 Prophylaxis
- Monitor AST/ALT
2 mins
Metronidazole
- Mechanism of Action
- Bactericidal
- Forms Free Radical Toxic Metabolites
- Damages DNA
- Indications
- Giardia lamblia
- Entamoeba Histolytica
- Trichomonas
- Gardnerella
- Anaerobes
- Side Effects
- Metallic taste
- Disulfiram like Reaction with Alcohol
2 mins
Nystatin
- Indications
- Candidiasis
- Vaginal
- Oral
- Cutaneous
- Mechanism
- Polyene
- Binds Ergosterol
- Forms Membrane Pores
- Topical form of Amphotericin B
- Side Effects
- Rash
1 min
Protease Inhibitors
- End in "-navir"
- Indications
- HIV/AIDS
- Hepatitis C
- Mechanism
- Inhibit Protease
- Unable to Cleave Proteins
- Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Nephropathy
- Lipodystrophy
- Hyperglycemia
3 mins
Rifampin
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Blocks RNA Polymerization
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B
- Leprosy
- Meningitis
- P450 inducer
- Red-orange urine
55 secs
Trichomonas vaginalis
- Characteristics
- Protozoa
- Signs and Symptoms
- Vaginitis
- Pruritus
- Foul-smelling Greenish Frothy Discharge
- Strawberry Cervix
- Diagnosis
- Corkscrew Motility on Wet Prep
- Treatment
- Metronidazole
2 mins
Trimethoprim
- Mechanism of Action
- Bacteriostatic
- Inhibits Bacterial Dihydrofolate Reductase
- Causes Sequential Block of Folate Synthesis
- Used in Combination with Sulfamethoxazole
- Combination Used For Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections
- Indications
- Shigella
- Salmonella
- Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia
- Side Effects
- Decrease in Red and White Blood Cells
- Alleviated with Leucovorin Rescue
2 mins
Tuberculosis Intervention
- Hospital Care
- Airborne Isolation
- Drug Therapy
- Combination Drug Therapy (RIPE)
- 6-12 Months
- Considerations
- DOT
- BCG Vaccination
- Medication Education
- 3 Negative Sputum Specimens
- Infection Control
2 mins
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