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Wayne Shared "Pathology Bliss 6/18/2024" - 67 Picmonics

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Pathology Bliss 6/18/2024

Gilbert's Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Decreased UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase Activity
Decreased Bilirubin Conjugation
Signs and Symptoms
Often Asymptomatic
Jaundice (Mild)
Fasting
Stress
Alcohol Intake
Labs
Increased Unconjugated Bilirubin
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2 mins
Jaundice
General
Due To Elevated Conjugated Or Unconjugated Bilirubin
Unconjugated
Hemolysis
Crigler-Najjar Or Gilbert's Syndrome
Physiologic Jaundice Of Newborn
Conjugated
Biliary Obstruction From Stone Or Mass
Cholangitis
Dubin-Johnson And Rotor Syndrome
Mixed
Cirrhosis
Hepatitis
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5 mins
Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Absent UDP-glucuronosyltransferase
Symptoms
Neonatal Jaundice
Kernicterus
Diagnosis
Normal Liver Function Tests
Elevated Unconjugated Bilirubin
Treatment
Phototherapy
Plasmapheresis
Calcium Phosphate and Orlistat
Death often by Age 2
Considerations
No Response to Phenobarbital
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3 mins
Dubin Johnson Syndrome (with Audio)
Pathophysiology
defective hepatocyte secretion in to proper canal
Autosomal recessive- "hereditary conjugated hyperbilirubinemia"
Absent MRP2 (multidrug resistant protein)
Error is inside the hepatocyte.... NOT due to a clogged bile duct
Signs/symptoms
Liver changes from Brown to Black
Jaundiced (otherwise asymptomatic)
labs
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Treatment
NO excess urinary coproporphyrins
no treatment necessary (benign disease)
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6 mins
Acute Cholangitis Characteristics and Clinical Features
Characteristics
Biliary Tract Infection
Biliary Tract Obstruction
Clinical Features
Charcot's Triad
Fever
Jaundice
Abdominal Pain
Reynold's Pentad
+ Hypotension
+ Altered Mental Status
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2 mins
Gallstones (Part 1/2)
Characteristics
Cholelithiasis
Pathophysiology
Increased Bilirubin
Increased Cholesterol
Stasis
Decreased Bile Salts
Risk Factors
Cholesterol Stones are the Most Common Type
Fat, Female, Fertile, Forty, Fair Complexion
Crohn's Disease
Rapid Weight Loss
Estrogen Therapy
Native American
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Treatment
Cholecystectomy
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3 mins
Gallstones (Part 2/2)
Cholesterol Stones
Cholesterol Stones are the Most Common Type
Radiolucent
Pigmented Stones
Black Pigment Stones
Hemolysis
Brown Pigment Stones
Infection
Radiopaque
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2 mins
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis)
Mechanism
Autoimmune Destruction of Bile Ducts
Intrahepatic bile ducts
Cholestasis
Occurs in Middle-Aged Females
Signs and Symptoms
Fatigue
Pruritus
Skin Hyperpigmentation
Hepatomegaly
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3 mins
Primary Biliary Cholangitis (Primary Biliary Cirrhosis) Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Positive Antimitochondrial Antibodies
Increased Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK-P)
Increased Cholesterol
Treatment
Ursodiol
Liver Transplant
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2 mins
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Mechanisms
Mechanism
Unknown Mechanism
"Onion Skin" Fibrosis
"Beading" of Bile Ducts
Symptoms
Pruritus
Hepatosplenomegaly
Jaundice
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2 mins
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Labs and Treatment
Labs
Increased Conjugated Bilirubin
Increased ALK-P
Increased IgM
Associated Pathologies
Ulcerative Colitis
Cholangiocarcinoma
Secondary Biliary Cirrhosis
Treatment
Liver Transplant
Stent
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2 mins
Complications of Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
Ascites
Esophageal Varices
Coagulation Defects
Portal-Systemic Encephalopathy
Hepatorenal Syndrome
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1 min
Cirrhosis Interventions
Interventions
Maintain Nutrition
Paracentesis
Esophageal and Gastric Varices
Drug Therapy
Endoscopic Band Ligation or Sclerotherapy
Balloon Tamponade
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt (TIPS)
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Lactulose
Antibiotics
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2 mins
Cirrhosis Assessment
Mechanism
Degeneration and Destruction of Liver Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Jaundice
Fatigue
Palmar Erythema
Spider Angiomas
Hepatosplenomegaly
Edema
Gynecomastia
Change in LOC
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2 mins
Entamoeba histolytica
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Amebiasis
Ingestion of Cysts in Food and Water
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Flask-Shaped Ulcer
Liver Abscess
Anchovy Paste
RUQ Pain
Diagnosis
RBCs in Cytoplasm of Trophozoite
Cyst With Four Nuclei
Treatment
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
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3 mins
Hepatitis A
Characteristics
Picornavirus
4 Week Incubation Period
Fecal-oral
Day Care Centers
Travel to Developing Countries
Signs and Symptoms
Usually Asymptomatic
Acute Disease
Jaundice
Fever
Vomiting
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2 mins
Hepatitis C
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Flavivirus
Icosahedral
SS positive Linear
Clinical Features
Most Cases are Due to IV Drug Use
Turns to Chronic Hepatitis in Over 70% of Cases
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Most Common Indication for Liver Transplantation
Associated With Type I MPGN
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
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2 mins
Hepatitis B (HBV) Assessment
Transmission
Bodily Fluids
Blood Transmission
People Who Use IV Drugs
Incubation
Variable 1-6 Months
Assessment
Fever
Nausea and Vomiting
Hepatomegaly
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Considerations
Vaccination
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2 mins
Hepatitis A (HAV) Assessment
Transmission
Fecal-Oral
Ingestion of Contaminated Food or Water
Incubation
4 Weeks
Assessment
Fever
General Malaise
Hepatomegaly
Considerations
Self-Limiting
Proper Hand Washing
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2 mins
Hepatitis C (HCV) Assessment
Transmission
Blood Transmission
High Risk Sex (rare)
IV Drug Users
Incubation
7 Weeks
Chronic Disease
Cirrhosis
Considerations
Barrier Protection
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2 mins

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