Alexander Shared "MSKS week 1" - 22 Picmonics
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MSKS week 1
Types of Fractures
- Nondisplaced
- Displaced
- Incomplete
- Complete
- Closed
- Open
- Direction of Fracture Line
2 mins
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Decreased Type I Collagen Production
- Symptoms
- Phenotypically Diverse
- Brittle Bone Disease
- Fractures from Minimal Trauma
- Confused with Child Abuse
- Hearing Loss
- Dental Imperfections
- Blue Sclera
1 min
Paget's Disease of Bone
- Pathophysiology
- Men > Age 40
- Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
- Mosaic Pattern
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased Skull Diameter
- Hearing Loss
- Fractures
- Bone Ache and Joint Pain
- High Output Heart Failure
- Diagnosis
- Bone Scan
- Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
- Elevated ALP
- Treatment
- Bisphosphonate
- Calcitonin
2 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
- Mechanism
- X-linked Recessive
- Signs and Symptoms
- Muscle Weakness
- Motor Problems
- Gower Sign
- Large Calves
- Waddling Gait
- Loss of Ambulation
- Consideration
- Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Myotonic Dystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Trinucleotide Repeat
- CTG
- Signs and Symptoms
- Facial Muscle Weakness
- Frontal Balding
- Sustained Grip
- Conduction Defects
- Cataracts
- Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers
- Testicular Atrophy
2 mins
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Types
- Types
- Types 1 and 2 - Classical
- Type V Collagen Mutation
- Joints and Skin
- Type 3 - Hypermobility
- Most Common
- Tenascin X Deficiency
- Joint Instability
- Type 4 - Vascular
- Type III Collagen Mutation
- Vascular and Organ Rupture
2 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
- More Common in Women
- Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
- Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
- Signs and Symptoms (Both)
- Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Dysphagia
- Lung and Cardiac Involvement
- Signs and Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)
- Malar Rash
- Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
- Gottron Papules on Knuckles
- Heliotrope Rash
3 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Increased CK (CPK)
- Increased Aldolase
- Anti-JO-1 Antibody
- Anti-SRP Antibody
- Antinuclear Antibody
- Abnormal EMG
- Biopsy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Methotrexate
- Azathioprine
- Treatment For Resistant Disease
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Rituximab
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
2 mins
Wilson's Disease Symptoms
- Cirrhosis
- Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- Basal Ganglia Degeneration
- Dementia
- Dyskinesia
- Asterixis
- Kayser-Fleischer Rings
- Slit Lamp Exam
- Hemolytic Anemia
2 mins
Vitamin D Deficiency
- Signs & Symptoms
- Rickets in children
- Bending bones
- Rachitic rosary
- Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
- Osteomalacia in adults
- Tetany from Hypocalcemia
2 mins
Vitamin C Mechanism and Deficiency
- Mechanism
- Ascorbic acid
- Antioxidant
- Protects Against Free Radicals
- Keeps Iron in Reduced State
- Hydroxylation of Proline and Lysine
- Necessary for Dopamine B Hydroxylase
- Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
- Scurvy
- Swollen Gums
- Bruising
- Poor Wound Healing
- Hemarthrosis
- Perifollicular Hemorrhages
- Anemia
4 mins
Williams Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Microdeletion Of Long Arm Of Chromosome 7
- Elastin Gene
- Signs and Symptoms
- Elfin Facies
- Intellectual Disability
- Extreme Friendliness with Strangers
- Well Developed Verbal Skills
- Cardiovascular Problems
- Hypercalcemia
- Increased Sensitivity To Vitamin D
2 mins
Osteoporosis Interventions
- Increased Calcium Intake
- Vitamin D Supplements
- Bisphosphonates
- Raloxifene
- Denosumab
- Calcitonin
- Teriparatide
- Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
- Weight Bearing Exercises
2 mins
Achondroplasia
- Mechanism
- Autosomal Dominant
- Advanced Paternal Age
- Most Common Cause of Dwarfism
- Mutation of FGFR3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3)
- Defective Endochondral Ossification
- Symptoms
- Delayed Motor Milestones
- Shortened Limbs with Normal Axial Skeleton Size
- May Develop Hydrocephalus
- Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
- Normal Life Span and Fertility
2 mins
Hunter Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- X-linked Recessive
- Mucopolysaccharidoses
- Iduronate Sulfatase Deficiency
- Increased Dermatan Sulfate
- Increased Heparan Sulfate
- Signs and Symptoms
- No Corneal Clouding
- Aggressive Behavior
1 min
Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
- Characteristics
- Benign Bone Tumors
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Cortex of Long Bones
- Pain Relieved by NSAIDs
- Pain Worse at Night
- <2 cm
- Radiolucent Nidus with Surrounding Sclerosis
- Osteoblastoma
- Osteoblastoma
- Spine
- Pain Not Relieved by NSAIDs
- > 2 cm
- Radiolucent Nidus without Surrounding Sclerosis
- Management
- Surgery
3 mins
Osteosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Osteogenic Sarcoma
- Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Knee Region
- Radiation
- Familial Retinoblastoma
- Paget's Disease
- Diagnosis
- Codman Triangle
- Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
- Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Osteochondroma
- Characteristics
- Most Common Benign Bone Tumor
- Males Under 25
- Cartilage-capped Spurs
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Small Risk of Chondrosarcoma
- Clinical Features
- Painless Mass near Joint
- Painful if Growing or Malignant
- Workup
- X-Ray
- MRI if Concern for Malignancy or Functional Limitation
- Management
- Monitoring
- Surgery
3 mins
Chondrosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Cartilaginous tumor
- Malignant
- Men 30-60 years old
- Pelvic and femur bones
- Signs & Symptoms
- Glistening mass in medullary cavity
- Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
- Metastasize to lungs
1 min
Ewing's Sarcoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
- Pathophysiology
- 11;22 Translocation
- Characteristics
- Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
- Diaphysis
- Small Blue Cells
- Malignant
- Aggressive
- Onion-skin Appearance
- TREATMENT
- Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
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