Amy Shared "BIOL A112: Chapter 29_Heredity" - 7 Picmonics
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BIOL A112: Chapter 29_Heredity
- DNA is the blueprint for building an organism
- A chromosome is packed with DNA
- Chromosomes exist in pairs
- Humans have 23 chromosome pairs
- Chromosomes are found in the nucleus
- A gene is a fragment of DNA that codes for a trait (hair color)
- An allele is a form of a gene that codes for a specific characteristic (brown hair)
- Half of a child's genes and alleles come from each parent
- Description of Genotypes
- Homozygous has 2 of the same allele (AA or aa)
- Homozygous dominant is AA
- Homozygous Recessive is aa
- Heterozygous has 2 different alleles (Aa)
- Genotype is the genetic makeup
- Genotype is coded in DNA
- Genotype is shown as 2 letters that represent 2 alleles
- Genotype is the code for phenotype
- Phenotype is physical appearance of organism
- Passing characteristics from parent to offspring
- Those characteristics can be similar to or different from parents
- Half of the genes come from the father
- Half of the genes come from mother
- Recessive characteristics not expressed in either parent can be expressed in a child
- Some phenotypes are more favorable than others in Natural Selection
- Dominant allele dominates over recessive allele
- If both alleles are present the dominant phenotype is expressed
- The recessive phenotype is expressed only with two recessive alleles
- Examples of dominant characteristics are widow's peak, dark hair, and dark eyes
- Examples of recessive characteristics are straight hairline, light hair, and light eyes
- Gregor Mendel
- Two Hybrid Parents Mate
- 3 children have the same phenotype
- 1 child has a different phenotype
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