Ashley Shared "HEENT" - 17 Picmonics
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HEENT
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
- Primary
- Lens causes pupillary obstruction
- Aqueous humor builds behind iris
- Iris bends forward, obstructing trabecular mesh
- Secondary
- Hypoxia Causes Neovascular Proliferation
- Contraction and obstruction of trabecular mesh
- Chronic disease (Crone)
- Asymptomatic
- Acute Disease
- Eye pain and blindness
- Rock-hard eye
- Headache
- Emergency
- Epinephrine contraindicated
2 mins
Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Humor Has Access to Trabecular Meshwork
- Presentation
- Painless
- African American
- Elderly
- Positive Family History
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Most Common Form of Glaucoma
- Unknown Mechanism
- Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Blocked Trabecular Meshwork (With Open-Angle)
- WBCs
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- Retinal Products
2 mins
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
- Mechanism
- Rapid Increase in IOP
- Signs and Symptoms
- Rapid Onset
- Pain
- Blurred Vision
- Halos Around Lights
- Nausea and Vomiting
- IOP over 30 mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
1 min
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG - Chronic)
- Mechanism
- Flow of Aqueous Humor Slowed
- Signs and Symptoms
- Slow Onset
- No Pain
- Tunnel Vision
- IOP 22-32mm Hg
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
1 min
Hypertensive Retinopathy
- Etiology
- Chronic Hypertension
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Flame Hemorrhages
- Arteriovenous Nicking
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Macular Star
- Papilledema
- Treatment
- Lower Blood Pressure
2 mins
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage
- Often Asymptomatic
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Hard Exudates
- Macular Edema
- Management
- Treat Diabetes
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Bevacizumab
3 mins
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Angiogenesis
- Increased VEGF
- Asymptomatic Until Late-stage
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Vitreous Hemorrhage
- Retinal Detachment
- Glaucoma
- Findings of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Management
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Surgery
- Bevacizumab
2 mins
Otitis Media Assessment
- Red or Bulging Tympanic Membrane
- Ear Pain
- Pulling at Ear
- Fever
- Upper Respiratory Infection
- Considerations
- More Common in Young Children
- Eustachian Tube Narrower
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Smoking Increases Risk
2 mins
Otitis Media Interventions
- Antipyretics
- Analgesics
- Antibiotics
- Irrigation
- Position on Affected Side
- Myringotomy
- Tympanostomy Tube
2 mins
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
Detached Retina
- Assessment
- Flashes of Light
- Floaters
- Curtain Like Shadow
- Interventions
- Eye Patch
- Bed Rest
- Surgical Emergency
- Considerations
- No Vigorous Activity
2 mins
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
- Etiologies
- Hypercoagulability
- Hypertension
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Clinical Features
- Non-Ischemic
- Mild to Moderate Vision Loss
- Sparse Dot-blot and Flame Hemorrhages
- Ischemic
- Sudden, Painless Vision Loss
- "Blood and Thunder" Appearance
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Papilledema
- Interventions
- Observation if Non-Ischemic
- Laser Photocoagulation
- VEGF Inhibitors
3 mins
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Etiology
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Clinical Features
- Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
- Descending Curtain
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Plaques
- Grayish Retinal Discoloration
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Interventions
- Ocular Massage
- Reduce Intraocular Pressure
3 mins
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy
- Characteristics
- Mitochondrial Disease
- Optic Atrophy
- Adolescent Males
- Symptoms/Findings
- Painless Vision Loss
1 min
Causes of Vertigo
- Meniere's Disease
- Increased endolymph in inner ear
- Recurrent vertigo
- Head fullness/ear pain
- Hearing loss and tinnitus
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
- Otoliths in semicircular canals
- Episodes brought on by head movement
- Normal hearing/no auditory symptoms
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Viral/Postviral
- Single episode, can last days
- No hearing loss
Vertigo
- Peripheral vertigo
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
- Meniere's Disease
- Central vertigo
- Brainstem Or Cerebellum
- Vertical Nystagmus
2 mins
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