Rayan Shared "Cardiology Week 6" - 22 Picmonics
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Cardiology Week 6
Aortic Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Age-related Calcifications
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
- Systolic Murmur
- Ejection Murmur
- Ejection Click
- Radiates to Carotids and Apex
- Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
- Syncope
- Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
- Auscultation
- Diastolic Murmur
- Immediate High-pitched
- Blowing Murmur
- Clinical Findings
- Wide Pulse Pressure
- Water Hammer Pulse
- Head Bobbing
- Pulsating Nail Bed
- Considerations
- Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Murmur Follows Opening Snap
- Late Diastolic Murmur
- Enhanced by Expiration
- Low-Pitched Rumbling
- Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
- Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
- Characteristics
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Loudest at Apex
- Radiates toward Axilla
- Louder by Squatting
- Hand Grip
- Expiration
1 min
Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Radiates to Right Sternal Border
- Enhanced by Inspiration
1 min
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
1 min
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Pathophysiology
- Hole in Septum between the Atria
- Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Wide and Fixed Split S2
- Cyanosis and Dyspnea
- Easily Fatigued
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Surgery if CHF as Child
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Most Close Spontaneously
2 mins
Coarctation of The Aorta
- Pathophysiology
- Constriction of a Portion of Aorta
- Turner Syndrome
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic Hypertension
- BP Higher in Upper Extremities, Right Arm
- CHF
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac Catheterization
- 3 Sign on Chest X-Ray
- Rib Notching
- Treatment
- Surgical Correction
2 mins
Tetralogy of Fallot
- Blue Baby Syndrome (Cyanosis)
- Crying or Feeding
- PROVe
- Pulmonary Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Pathophysiology
- Opening at Intraventricular Septum
- Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
- Symptoms
- High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
- Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
- Loud Pulmonic S2
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
- Large VSDs Require Surgery
- Complications
- Endocarditis
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
- CHF
2 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
- Screening
- Screen Males 65-75 Who've Ever Smoked
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Treatment
- Observation
- Asymptomatic and < 5 cm in Size
- Surgical Repair
- > 5.5 cm in Abdomen
- Emergent Surgery
- Ruptured or Symptomatic
2 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Rupture
- Clinical Features
- Acute Tearing Pain
- Pulsatile Abdominal Mass
- Grey Turner Sign
- Cullen Sign
- Hypovolemic Shock
- Diagnosis
- Diagnosis by Clinical Impression
- Treatment
- Emergent Surgical Intervention
- Considerations
- Poor Prognosis
3 mins
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Assessment
- Mechanism
- Atherosclerosis
- Assessment
- Bruit
- Pulsation in Abdomen
- Abdominal or Lower Back Pain
- Tearing Pain
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Considerations
- Rupture
- Shock
- Surgical Repair
1 min
Varicose Veins Assessment
- Cause
- Increased Venous Pressure
- Incompetent Valves
- Assessment
- Telangiectasias
- Small Reticular Veins
- Dilated and Tortuous Veins
1 min
Varicose Veins Interventions
- Laser Therapy
- Sclerotherapy
- Removal of Saphenous Vein
- Considerations
- Avoid Prolonged Standing
- Elastic Compression Stockings
2 mins
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Management
- Diagnosis
- Compression Ultrasound (CUS) with Doppler
- D-Dimer
- Contrast Venography
- Treatment
- IVC Filter
- Heparin for Acute Management
- Warfarin for Long-term Management
- Thrombectomy/Thrombolysis
- Stockings
- Walking
4 mins
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Characteristics
- Mechanism
- Virchow's Triad
- Venous Stasis
- Endothelial Damage
- Hypercoagulability
- Symptoms
- Tenderness
- Homan's Sign
- Warmth
- Redness
- Swelling
- Asymptomatic
1 min
Superficial Thrombophlebitis
- Cause/Mechanism
- IV Catheter Irritation
- Assessment
- Erythema
- Cord-like Vein
- Edema
- Interventions
- Remove IV Catheter
- Elevate
- Warm Compress
- Considerations
- Rotate Sites Q3 Days
- Aseptic Technique
2 mins
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Interventions
- Frequently Elevate Legs
- Avoid Standing/Sitting for Long Periods of Time
- Elastic Compression Stockings
- Bilayer Artificial Skin
- Daflon
- Wound Dressings
- Proper Foot and Leg Care
2 mins
Chronic Venous Insufficiency (Venous Stasis Ulcer) Assessment
- Venous Stasis Ulcer
- Uneven Edges
- Dull Persistent Pain
- Medial Malleolus
- Necrotic
- Normal Pulses
- Lower Leg Edema
- Bronze-Brown Pigmentation
- Warm
- Pruritus
2 mins
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