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Sydney Shared "Exam 2: Neuro Trauma, Shock, Burns" - 18 Picmonics

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Exam 2: Neuro Trauma, Shock, Burns

Rule of 9's for Burns
Total Body Surface Area (TBSA)
Head
Anterior Torso (18%)
Chest
Abdomen
Posterior Torso (18%)
Upper Back
Lower Back
Extremities
Posterior Leg (each)
Anterior Leg (each)
Each Arm
Genitalia 1%
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2 mins
Parkland Formula
Burn victims
24 hours
TBSA% x Weight x 4 = Fluids
TBSA %
x Weight (kg)
x 4
= Fluid Requirement (in first 24 hrs)
Fluids in first 8 hours
1/2 of fluid given in first 8 hours
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1 min
Types of Burns
Superficial Thickness
Sunburn
Superficial Partial Thickness
Blisters
Blanching
Deep Partial Thickness
Little or Non-blanching
Full Thickness
Waxy White, Yellow or Black
Decreased Pain
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2 mins
Stages of Burn Care
Phase / Stage 1
Resuscitative/Emergent Phase
Injury to Return of Capillary Permeability
48-72 hours
IV Fluid Replacement
Phase / Stage 2
Acute Phase
Diuresis to Near Wound Closure
Phase / Stage 3
Wound Closure to Return of Optimal Level
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2 mins
Burns Assessment
Stage and Extent of Burn
Dyspnea
Singed Nasal Hairs
Pain
Initial Decrease Urinary Output
Paralytic Ileus
Signs of Inadequate Hydration
Shock
Hypothermia
Hyperkalemia
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2 mins
Burns Interventions
Ensure Airway Patency
O2
IV Fluid Replacement
Dry Sterile Dressing
Debridement
Elevate Burned Limbs
Analgesics
Silver Sulfadiazine
Escharotomy
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2 mins
Burns Considerations
Maintain Body Temperature
Increased Risk of Infection
Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) Prophylaxis
Curling's Ulcer
Excision and Grafting
Adequate Nutrition
Contractures
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2 mins
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) Criteria
Must have 2 or more of the following:
Temperature < 36C or > 38C
Pulse > 90 beats per minute
Respirations > 20/min or PCO2 < 32
WBC < 4,000 or > 12,000 or 10% bands
Mechanism
Subset of Cytokine Storm and Related to Sepsis
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2 mins
Types of Shock
Hypovolemic
Depleted Volume
Cardiogenic
Pump Failure
Obstructive
Indirect Pump Failure
Distributive
Lost Vascular Tone
Neurogenic
Anaphylactic
Septic
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2 mins
Sepsis Assessment
Signs and Symptoms
Systemic Infectious Process
Fever
Hypotension
Change in LOC
Increased WBC
Shift to the Left
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Hyperglycemia
Edema
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2 mins
Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Assessment
Microthrombi
DIC
Decreased Oxygen Saturation
Decreased WBC
Oliguria
High Output Heart Failure
Multiple Organ Failure
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2 mins
Compartment Syndrome Assessment
Mechanism
Trauma
Increased Pressure
Compressed Nerves and Blood Vessels
Assessment
1 or more of 6 P's
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
Considerations
May take Days to develop
Early Detection
Ischemia
Damage often Irreversible
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2 mins
Compartment Syndrome Interventions
Interventions
Frequent Neurovascular Assessments
Evaluate Pain
Do Not Elevate Extremity
Remove or Loosen Restrictive Items
Fasciotomy
Amputation
Considerations
Infection
Monitor Urine Output
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2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury
Linear Fracture
Comminuted Fracture
Depressed Fracture
Open Fracture
Basilar Skull Fracture
Closed Head Injury
Coup and Contrecoup
Brain Contusion
Concussion
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2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Assessment
Change in LOC
Personality Changes
Amnesia
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Diplopia
Posturing
Location of Injury
Basilar Skull Fracture
Halo or Ring Sign
Considerations
Intracranial Bleeding
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
Change in LOC
Headache
Cushings Triad
Irregular Respirations
Widening Pulse Pressure
Bradycardia
Projectile Vomiting
Abnormal Pupils
Papilledema
Posturing
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2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
Interventions
Elevate Head Of Bed
Foley Catheter
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
High Dose Barbiturates
Passive Hyperventilation
Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
Considerations
Neuro Assessment
Maintain Normal Temperature
Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
Intracranial Monitoring System
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2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Main TBI Lesions
Epidural Hematoma
Subdural Hematoma
Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
Intraventricular Hematoma
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Diffuse Axonal Injury
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3 mins

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