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Emily Shared "ADN 420 EXAM 3" - 14 Picmonics

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ADN 420 EXAM 3

Sickle Cell Anemia Assessment
Cause/Mechanism
Hemoglobin S (Genetic Defect)
Sickle Shaped RBCs
Assessment
Jaundice
Vaso Occlusive Crisis
Fever
Priapism
Severe Pain
Considerations
Prominent in African Americans
May be Asymptomatic
Increased Risk of Infection
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2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia Interventions
Interventions
Increase Hydration
Analgesics
Oxygen
Warm Compress
Bone Marrow Transplant
Hydroxyurea
Considerations
Avoid High Altitudes
Prophylactic Antibiotics
Avoid Strenuous Exercise
Vaccines
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3 mins
Platelet Lab Value
150,000-400,000 Micro L
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40 secs
Blood Transfusion Administration
Proper Patient Identification
Large Bore Needle
Y Tubing
Baseline Vital Signs
Slow IV Infusion
Monitor During First 15 Minutes or 50 mL of Blood
Monitor for Reactions
Considerations
Do Not Add Anything To Same IV Line
No Dextrose or Lactated Ringers
Jehovah's Witnesses, No Transfusions
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3 mins
Blood Types
Allele A is Dominant
Allele B is Dominant
Allele O is Recessive
Genotypes AA and AO have Type A Blood
Genotypes BB and BO have Type B Blood
Genotype AB is co-dominant and has Type AB Blood
Genotype OO Results in Type O Blood
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2 mins
Types of Blood Products
Types
Whole Blood
Packed Red Blood Cells
Fresh Frozen Plasma
Immunoglobulins
Clotting Factors
Albumin
Platelets
Considerations
Use within 24 Hours
Washing Removes Antibodies
Irradiation Destroys WBCs
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2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
Characteristics
Plasma
Electrolytes And Other Solutes
Proteins
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Globulins
Water
Formed Elements
Buffy Coat
White Blood Cells (WBC)
Platelets
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
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2 mins
Blood Types and Compatibilities
ABO Compatibility
No Antigens (Type O Blood)
Universal Donor
A Antigen (Type A Blood)
B Antigen (Type B Blood)
AB Antigen (Type AB Blood)
Universal Recipient
Rhesus (Rh) Compatibility
Rh (Rhesus) Antigen
Never Rh+ to Rh-
Considerations
Blood Transfusion
Obstetric Patient
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2 mins
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Assessment
Mechanism
Improper Initiation of Clotting Cascade
Signs and Symptoms
Systemic Bleeding
Petechiae, Purpura, Ecchymosis
Change in LOC
Increased PT and PTT
Cyanosis
Increased Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP)
Decreased Platelets and Fibrinogen
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2 mins
Leukemia Assessment
Cause
Immature WBCs
Assessment
Recurrent Infections
Easy Bruising
Bleeding
Anemia
Fatigue
Weight Loss
Bone Pain
Considerations
May Have Normal or High WBC Count
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2 mins
Leukemia Interventions
Diagnosis
Bone Marrow Aspiration
X-Rays
Interventions
Chemotherapy
Bleeding Precautions
Neutropenic Precautions
Strict Asepsis
Bone Marrow Transplant
Blood Transfusions
Monitor Temperature Elevations
Adequate Nutrition
Imatinib (Gleevec) for Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
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3 mins
Cancer Warning Signs (CAUTION)
CAUTION
Change in Bowel or Bladder Habits
A Sore That Does Not Heal
Unusual Bleeding or Discharge
Thickening or Lump in the Breast or Elsewhere
Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Obvious Change to Warts or Moles
Nagging Cough
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1 min
Lung Cancer Assessment
2nd Most Common Cancer
Assessment
Chronic Cough
Hoarseness
Abnormal Breath Sounds
Hemoptysis
Chest Pain
Anorexia or Weight Loss
Considerations
Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
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2 mins
Hydroxyurea
Mechanism
Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase
Decreased DNA Synthesis
S-phase Specific
Indications
Melanoma
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Sickle Cell Disease
Through Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
GI Distress
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2 mins

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Emily Shared ADN 420 EXAM 3 - 14 Picmonics