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AAA 1234
Hypertension Intervention
Lifestyle Modifications
Weight Reduction and Exercise
Diet Changes
Relaxation Techniques
Smoking Cessation
Medications
Encourage Self Monitoring
1 min
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Gout
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
4 mins
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Mechanisms
Inhibition of Aldosterone
Potassium Retention
Indications
Hypertension
Edema
Heart Failure
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Endocrine Effects
Consideration
Avoid Potassium Supplements
2 mins
Nonselective Beta-Blockers
"-olol" Suffix
Nonselective
Propranolol
Timolol
Nadolol
Partial β Agonist
Pindolol
Nonselective β with α Blocking
Carvedilol
Labetalol
2 mins
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
Decrease cAMP
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
Lower Blood Pressure
Decrease O2 Consumption
Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Beta Blocker Antidote
Antidote
Glucagon
29 secs
Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
"-osin" suffix
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Side Effects
Syncope
Orthostatic Hypotension
1 min
Ethacrynic Acid
Mechanism of Action
Non-sulfa Drug
Phenoxyacetic Acid Derivative
Loop Diuretic
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter
Thick Ascending Loop of Henle
Clinical Use
Diuresis
Side Effects
Hypokalemia
Ototoxicity
Gout
2 mins
Nonselective Alpha-Blockers
Indications
Phentolamine
Reversible
Pheochromocytoma (Diagnosis)
Hypertensive Crisis
Phenoxybenzamine
Pheochromocytoma (Treatment)
Side Effects
Orthostatic Hypotension
Reflex Tachycardia
2 mins
Prazosin (Minipress)
-osin suffix
Mechanisms
Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Nightmares
Side Effects
Orthostatic Hypotension
Tachycardia
Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
Nasal Congestion
Considerations
First Dose Effect
Administer at Bedtime
2 mins
Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)
Mechanism
Vasodilates Arterioles
Indications
Severe Hypertension
Baldness
Side Effects
Reflex Tachycardia
Blood Volume Expansion
Hypertrichosis
Pericardial Effusion
Rash
Considerations
Give with Beta Blocker and Diuretic
2 mins
Nitroprusside
Mechanism of Action
Direct Release of NO
Increase cGMP
Short Half-Life
Indications
Malignant Hypertension
Side Effect
Cyanide Toxicity
1 min
Hydralazine
Indications
Reduce Afterload
Severe Hypertension
Safe during Pregnancy
CHF
Mechanism of Action
Increases cGMP
Vasodilates Arterioles
Side Effects
Drug-induced Lupus
Reflex Tachycardia
1 min
Clonidine
Mechanism of Action
Alpha-2 Agonist
Indication
Hypertensive Urgency
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Tourette Syndrome
Opioid Withdrawal
Side Effects
CNS Depression
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Considerations
Rebound Hypertension if Abrupt Cessation
2 mins
Amiodarone
Mechanisms
Class III Antiarrhythmic (K+ Channel Blocker)
Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction
Inhibits Cytochrome P450
Indications
Supraventricular Tachycardia with Heart Failure
Ventricular Tachycardia
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Bradycardia
Heart Block
Thyroid Disorders
Blue/Gray Skin Deposits
Corneal Deposits
3 mins
Class I Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers) Overview
Indications
Arrhythmias
Local Anesthesia
Mechanism of Action
Block or Slow Conduction
Block Na+ Channels
Raise Threshold
State Dependent
Contraindication
Hyperkalemia
1 min
Class IA Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP, ERP, and QT interval.
Drugs
Disopyramide
Procainamide
Drug-induced Lupus
Quinidine
Cinchonism
Shared Side Effects
Thrombocytopenia
Torsades de Pointes
1 min
Class IB Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
After Myocardial Infarction
Mechanism of Action
Affect Ischemic Tissue
Decrease AP duration
Drugs
Mexiletine
GI Upset
Lidocaine
CNS Depression
Tocainide
Phenytoin
Hirsutism
2 mins
Class IC Antiarrhythmics (Na+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Used as Last Resort
V-Tach
Mechanism of Action
No Effect on AP Duration
Drugs
Propafenone
Flecainide
Contraindications
Post-Myocardial Infarction
56 secs
Class III Antiarrhythmics (K+ Channel Blockers)
Indications
Arrhythmias
Mechanism of Action
Increase AP Duration, ERP, and QT Interval
Drug Names
Amiodarone
Check Function Tests
Dirty Drug
Ibutilide
Dofetilide
Sotalol
Beta-Blocker
2 mins
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