AbbeyLM Shared "Patho Exam 4" - 36 Picmonics
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Patho Exam 4
Parkinson's Disease Assessment
- Assessment
- Decreased Dopamine
- Older Adult
- Cogwheel Rigidity
- Bradykinesia
- Shuffling Gait
- Resting Tremor
- Pill-Rolling
- Mask-Like Face
- Cognitive Decline
2 mins
Parkinson's Disease Interventions
- Medications
- Levodopa/Carbidopa (Sinemet)
- Entacapone (Comtan)
- Selegiline (Eldepryl)
- Amantadine (Symmetrel)
- Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
- Benztropine (Cogentin)
- Considerations
- Allow Extra Time
- Ensure Patient Safety
- Surgery As Last Resort
2 mins
Huntington's Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Trinucleotide Repeat
- CAG Repeats
- Chromosome 4
- Anticipation
- Caudate
- Decrease of ACh
- Decrease of GABA
- Signs and Symptoms
- Chorea
- Dementia
- Depression
- Glutamate Toxicity
- Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
3 mins
Cranial Nerve Pathologies
- Cranial Nerve Pathologies
- Horner Syndrome
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Bell's Palsy
- Brain or Brainstem Lesion
- Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy
- Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Arnold Chiari Malformation
- Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Guillain Barre’ Syndrome
- Parkinson's Disease
3 mins
Spinal Cord Injuries
- Complications
- Spinal Shock
- Respiratory Complications
- Autonomic Dysreflexia (Hyperreflexia)
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Deep Vein Thrombosis
- Thermal Regulation
- Circulatory Problems
- Spasticity
- Dermal Complications
- Genitourinary Complications
- Spinal Cord Injury Syndromes
- Anterior Cord Syndrome
- Central Cord Syndrome
- Brown-Sequard’s Syndrome
- Conus Medullaris Syndrome
- Cauda Equina Syndrome
4 mins
5 A's of Alzheimer's Disease
- Agnosia
- Anomia
- Aphasia
- Apraxia
- Amnesia
1 min
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Headache
- Cushings Triad
- Irregular Respirations
- Widening Pulse Pressure
- Bradycardia
- Projectile Vomiting
- Abnormal Pupils
- Papilledema
- Posturing
2 mins
Types of Strokes
- Warning Signs
- Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
- Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
- Types
- Ischemic
- Thrombotic
- Atherosclerosis
- Embolic
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Hemorrhagic
- Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Histologic Evolution of Ischemic Stroke
- > 5 Minutes
- Irreversible Neuronal Injury
- 12-24 hours
- Red Neurons
- 1-3 days
- Liquefactive Necrosis (Neutrophils)
- 3–5 Days
- Microglia
- 1-2 Weeks
- Reactive Gliosis (Astrocytes)
- Vascular Proliferation
- > 2 weeks
- Glial Scar
2 mins
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Stroke Assessment
- Characteristics
- Anterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery
- Lateral Pontine Syndrome
- Ipsilateral Clinical Findings
- Decreased Facial Pain and Temperature Sensation
- Facial Muscle Weakness
- Decreased Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
- Deceased Salivation and Lacrimation
- Nystagmus and Hearing Loss
- Horner Syndrome
- Ataxia
- Contralateral Clinical Findings
- Decreased Body Pain and Temperature Sensation
3 mins
Right Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
- Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
- Poor Proprioception
- Disoriented to Person, Place, Time
- Can't Recognize Faces (Prosopagnosia)
- Loss of Judgement and Awareness
- Impulsiveness
- Personality Changes
- Tonal Hearing Loss
2 mins
Left Hemisphere Stroke Assessment
- Opposite Side Weakness (Hemiplegia)
- Side to Side Discrimination
- Aphasia
- Agraphia
- Slow Performance
- Aware of Deficits
- Anxiety
- Depression
2 mins
Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Lesions of the Brain and Presentations
- Frontal Lobe
- Parietal Lobe
- Temporal Lobe
- Occipital Lobe
- Brainstem
- Cerebellum
- Main TBI Lesions
- Epidural Hematoma
- Subdural Hematoma
- Contusion/ Parenchymal Hemorrhage
- Intraventricular Hematoma
- Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- Diffuse Axonal Injury
3 mins
Aphasia Post Stroke
- Causes
- Cerebrovascular Accident
- Non-Fluent Aphasia
- Broca’s Aphasia
- Fluent Aphasia
- Wernicke’s Aphasia
- Other Types of Aphasia
- Global Aphasia
- Conduction Aphasia
- Verbal Apraxia
- Dysarthria
- Diagnosis
- Cerebral Angiography
- Computed Tomography
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- Intervention
- Simple Short Sentences
- Visual and Tactile Cues
- Speech Therapy
4 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
- Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Personality Changes
- Amnesia
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Diplopia
- Posturing
- Location of Injury
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Halo or Ring Sign
- Considerations
- Intracranial Bleeding
2 mins
Meningitis Interventions
- Drug Therapy
- IV Antibiotics
- Dexamethasone
- Analgesics
- Antipyretics
- Considerations
- Closely Monitor for Increased ICP
- Bed Rest
- Preventative Vaccinations
- Droplet-Airborne Precautions
2 mins
Cluster Headache
- Presentation
- More Common in Men
- Unilateral Periorbital Headache
- Ipsilateral Tearing
- Precipitated by Alcohol
- Stabbing Pain
- Duration
- 15 min - 3 Hours
- Repetitive Attacks in Clusters
- Treatment
- High Flow 100% O2
- Ergots
- Sumatriptan
2 mins
Migraine Headaches Signs and Symptoms
- Signs and Symptoms
- More Common in Women
- Exacerbated by Activity
- Unilateral Pulsating Pain
- Aura
- Photophobia and Phonophobia
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Duration
- 4 hours to 3 Days
1 min
Lyme Disease
- Mechanism
- Transmitted by Ticks (Vector-borne)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Flu-like Symptoms
- Bulls Eye Rash (Erythema Migrans)
- Joint Pain and Stiffness
- Facial Paralysis
- Considerations
- Antibiotics
- Prevention
2 mins
Wilms' Tumor (Nephroblastoma)
- Cause
- Malignant Renal Tumor
- Assessment
- Abdominal Mass
- Hematuria
- Fever
- Hypertension
- Interventions
- Nephrectomy
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation
- Considerations
- Do Not Palpate Abdomen
- Children Under 5 Years Old
2 mins
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