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nervous system
5 A's of Alzheimer's Disease
Agnosia
Anomia
Aphasia
Apraxia
Amnesia
1 min
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Poisoning
DUMBBELSS
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis
Bronchospasm
Bradycardia
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sweating
2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Assessment
Progressive Muscle Weakness
Systemic Muscle Wasting
Fasciculations
Spasticity
Fatigue
Considerations
Riluzole (Rilutek)
Stretching
Little to No Cognitive Decline
Respiratory Support
Palliative Care
2 mins
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Anticholinergics
B.O.AT.S Acronym
Benztropine
Parkinson's Disease
Oxybutynin
Decrease bladder spasms
Atropine
Mydriasis and Cycloplegia
Scopolamine
Motion Sickness
1 min
Antipsychotics Overview
Generations
Typical
Atypical
Mechanism
Blocks D2 Receptor
2nd Generation Blocks the 5-HT 2 Receptor
Indications
Psychosis
Delirium
Bipolar Disorder
Touretteās Syndrome
Side Effects
Hyperprolactinemia
Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Tardive Dyskinesia
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
4 mins
Aripiprazole (Abilify)
Mechanism
2nd Generation Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
Side Effects
Headache
Dizziness
Nausea and Vomiting
Insomnia
Anxiety
Considerations
Low Risk of Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Lowest Risk of Weight Gain
2 mins
Ataxia Telangiectasia
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
ATM Gene
Defect in DNA repair
Signs & Symptoms
Cerebellar defects
Spider Angiomas
Sensitive to Radiation
Defective Tumor Suppressor Gene
Increased risk of Cancer, Leukemias, and Lymphomas
Increased AFP levels
IgA deficiency
Repeated sinopulmonary infections
2 mins
Atypical Antipsychotics
Indications
Schizophrenia
Mechanism of Action
Unknown Mechanism
Side Effects
Seizures
Prolonged QT Interval
Agranulocytosis
Weight Gain
Fewer Extrapyramidal Side Effects
Fewer Anticholinergic Side Effects
2 mins
Autonomic Dysreflexia
Injury Above T6
Assessment
Paroxysmal Hypertension
Bradycardia
Diaphoresis
Flushing Above Lesion
Piloerection
Nasal Congestion
Headache
Interventions
Elevate Head of Bed
Remove Noxious Stimuli
2 mins
Barbiturates
Barb- Drug Names
Indications
Seizure Treatment
Anesthesia Induction
Mechanism of Action
Increased Duration of Cl- Channel Opening
Decrease Neuron Firing
Side Effects
Sedation
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Depression
CNS Depression
P450 inducer
2 mins
Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
2 mins
Bupropion
Indications
Depression
Smoking Cessation
Mechanism of Action
Increase Dopamine and NE
Side Effects
Stimulant Side Effects
Seizure
1 min
Buspirone
Indications
Generalized Anxiety
Mechanism of Action
Releases Dopamine and NE
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
Side Effects
Low Side Effect Profile
Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
1 min
Butorphanol
Indications
Migraine
Severe Pain
Labor
Mechanism of Action
Partial Agonist at Mu and Full Agonist at Kappa Receptors
Less Respiratory Depression
Side Effects
Withdrawal Symptoms
1 min
Carbamazepine
Indications
First-line Seizure Medication
First Line for Trigeminal Neuralgia
Mechanism of Action
Stabilizes Inactive State of Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Induce Cytochrome P450
Teratogen
Hepatotoxicity
Blood Dyscrasias
2 mins
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Acute Loss of Lumbar Plexus Function
Surgical Emergency
Saddle Anesthesia
Causes
Inflammatory Disorders
Spinal Stenosis
Trauma
Lesions
Symptoms
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Sciatica
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Clinical
1 min
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
Mechanism
Low Potency Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Hiccups
Side Effects
Sedation
Weight Gain
Orthostatic Hypotension
Anticholinergic Effects
QT Prolongation
Neuroendocrine Effects
Caution in Seizure Patients
Corneal Deposits
2 mins
Classic Galactosemia
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase is Absent (GALT)
Impaired Galactose-1-P to UDP-Galactose
Galactitol Accumulation in Lens
Signs and Symptoms
Infantile Cataracts
Failure to Thrive
Hepatomegaly
Jaundice
Intellectual Disability
Increased Risk E. Coli Sepsis
2 mins
Clozapine (Clozaril)
Mechanism
Atypical Antipsychotic
Indications
Schizophrenia
Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
Side Effects
Weight Gain
Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
Myocarditis
Agranulocytosis
Sedation
Orthostatic Hypotension
Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
Considerations
Weekly Lab Tests
2 mins
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