Krishna Shared "Musculoskeletal Pathologies" - 18 Picmonics
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Musculoskeletal Pathologies
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
- Cause
- Abnormal Femoral Head in Acetabulum
- Newborn Assessment
- Positive Barlow Sign
- Clicking with Adduction
- Positive Ortolani Sign
- Clicking with Abduction
- Asymmetrical Limb Lengths and Folds (Gluteal and Thigh)
- Older Child Assessment
- Trendelenburg Sign
- Interventions
- Abduction Device
- Pavlik Harness
- Closed Reduction
3 mins
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
- Pathophysiology
- Separation of Femoral Epiphysis from Femoral Neck
- Through Growth Plate (Physeal Plate)
- Obesity
- Male Adolescents
- African American
- Growth and Sex Hormone Imbalances
- Signs & Symptoms
- Thigh or Knee Pain
- Inability to Bear Weight
- Decreased Internal Rotation of Hip
- Obligate External Rotation of Hip with Flexion
- Diagnosis
- Frog Leg Lateral X-ray
- Treatment
- Surgical Pinning
- Complications
- Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head
3 mins
Muscular Dystrophy
- Mechanism
- X-linked Recessive
- Signs and Symptoms
- Muscle Weakness
- Motor Problems
- Gower Sign
- Large Calves
- Waddling Gait
- Loss of Ambulation
- Consideration
- Cardiac and Respiratory Failure
2 mins
Myotonic Dystrophy
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Trinucleotide Repeat
- CTG
- Signs and Symptoms
- Facial Muscle Weakness
- Frontal Balding
- Sustained Grip
- Conduction Defects
- Cataracts
- Selective Atrophy of Type 1 Fibers
- Testicular Atrophy
2 mins
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- Assessment
- Progressive Muscle Weakness
- Systemic Muscle Wasting
- Fasciculations
- Spasticity
- Fatigue
- Considerations
- Riluzole (Rilutek)
- Stretching
- Little to No Cognitive Decline
- Respiratory Support
- Palliative Care
2 mins
Marfan Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Fibrillin-1 Mutation
- Symptoms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Tall
- Arachnodactyly
- Pectus Excavatum
- Hypermobile Joints
- Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
- Subluxation of Lens (Superior)
2 mins
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Faulty Collagen Synthesis
- Autosomal Dominant or Recessive
- Various Severities
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypermobile Joints
- Hyperextensible Skin
- Easy Bruising/Bleeding
- Berry (Saccular) Aneurysm
- Considerations
- Brighton Criteria
2 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
- More Common in Women
- Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
- Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
- Signs and Symptoms (Both)
- Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Dysphagia
- Lung and Cardiac Involvement
- Signs and Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)
- Malar Rash
- Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
- Gottron Papules on Knuckles
- Heliotrope Rash
3 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Increased CK (CPK)
- Increased Aldolase
- Anti-JO-1 Antibody
- Anti-SRP Antibody
- Antinuclear Antibody
- Abnormal EMG
- Biopsy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
- Methotrexate
- Azathioprine
- Treatment For Resistant Disease
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
- Cyclophosphamide
- Rituximab
- Calcineurin Inhibitors
2 mins
Myasthenia Gravis
- Mechanism
- Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
- Symptoms
- Ptosis
- Diplopia
- Weakness with Muscle Use
- Respiratory Death
- Thymus Associated
- Treatment
- Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
- Plasmapheresis
- Thymectomy
1 min
Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Autoantibody to the Presynaptic Calcium Channel on Motor Neurons
- Inhibits Acetylcholine (ACh) Release at Neuromuscular Junction
- Paraneoplastic Syndrome
- Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Symptoms
- Proximal Muscle Weakness
- Improves with Muscle Use
- Autonomic Symptoms
- Extraocular Muscle Sparing
2 mins
Clostridium botulinum
- Characteristics
- Bacillus
- Gram-positive
- Anaerobe
- Spore-forming
- Heat Labile Toxin
- Inhibits Acetylcholine (Ach) Release at Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ)
- Canned Food in Adults
- Spores in Honey
- Signs and Symptoms
- Descending Flaccid Paralysis
- Diplopia
- Ptosis
- Floppy Baby
- Constipation
2 mins
Osteosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Osteogenic Sarcoma
- Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Knee Region
- Radiation
- Familial Retinoblastoma
- Paget's Disease
- Diagnosis
- Codman Triangle
- Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
- Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Cartilaginous tumor
- Malignant
- Men 30-60 years old
- Pelvic and femur bones
- Signs & Symptoms
- Glistening mass in medullary cavity
- Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
- Metastasize to lungs
1 min
Giant Cell Tumor
- Pathophysiology
- Osteoclastoma
- Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
- Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
- Benign
- Knee Region
- Diagnosis
- Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
- Spindle-shaped Cells
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
46 secs
Ewing's Sarcoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
- Pathophysiology
- 11;22 Translocation
- Characteristics
- Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
- Diaphysis
- Small Blue Cells
- Malignant
- Aggressive
- Onion-skin Appearance
- TREATMENT
- Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
- Mechanism
- Low Potency Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Hiccups
- Side Effects
- Sedation
- Weight Gain
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Anticholinergic Effects
- QT Prolongation
- Neuroendocrine Effects
- Caution in Seizure Patients
- Corneal Deposits
2 mins
Clozapine (Clozaril)
- Mechanism
- Atypical Antipsychotic
- Indications
- Schizophrenia
- Levodopa-Induced Psychosis
- Side Effects
- Weight Gain
- Hypersalivation (Sialorrhea)
- Myocarditis
- Agranulocytosis
- Sedation
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Constipation (Risk of Bowel Ileus)
- Considerations
- Weekly Lab Tests
2 mins
