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Audra Shared "MSK" - 56 Picmonics

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MSK

Achondroplasia
Mechanism
Autosomal Dominant
Advanced Paternal Age
Most Common Cause of Dwarfism
Mutation of FGFR3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3)
Defective Endochondral Ossification
Symptoms
Delayed Motor Milestones
Shortened Limbs with Normal Axial Skeleton Size
May Develop Hydrocephalus
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
Normal Life Span and Fertility
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2 mins
Paget's Disease of Bone
Pathophysiology
Men > Age 40
Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
Mosaic Pattern
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Skull Diameter
Hearing Loss
Fractures
Bone Ache and Joint Pain
High Output Heart Failure
Diagnosis
Bone Scan
Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
Elevated ALP
Treatment
Bisphosphonate
Calcitonin
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2 mins
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
Pathophysiology
Defective Osteoclast Resorption
Carbonic Anhydrase II Mutation
Lack of Acidic Environment
Symptoms
Fractures
Nerve Palsies
Diagnosis
Myelophthisic Anemia
Erlenmeyer Flask Bones
Normal ALP and PTH
Normal Calcium and Phosphorus
Bone-in-bone Appearance
Treatment
Bone Marrow Transplant
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2 mins
Osteoporosis Assessment
Highest Risk
Postmenopausal Women
Long Term Corticosteroids
Assessment
Kyphosis
Dowager's Hump
Loss of Height
Back Pain
Pathologic Fractures
Spinal Compression Fracture
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1 min
Osteoporosis Interventions
Increased Calcium Intake
Vitamin D Supplements
Bisphosphonates
Raloxifene
Denosumab
Calcitonin
Teriparatide
Bone Densitometry (DEXA) Scan
Weight Bearing Exercises
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2 mins
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Decreased Type I Collagen Production
Symptoms
Phenotypically Diverse
Brittle Bone Disease
Fractures from Minimal Trauma
Confused with Child Abuse
Hearing Loss
Dental Imperfections
Blue Sclera
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1 min
Vitamin D Deficiency
Signs & Symptoms
Rickets in children
Bending bones
Rachitic rosary
Breast milk has decreased vitamin D
Osteomalacia in adults
Tetany from Hypocalcemia
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2 mins
Osteonecrosis
Necrosis of the Femoral Head = Osteonecrosis
Mech: Micro-Occlusion (sickle cell)
Alcohol Abuse, Steroid Use, Antiphospholipid Syndrome, HIV
Decompression Sickness, Renal Transplant
Sx: Groin Pain (esp. on weight bearing)
Sx: Pain on Abduction and Internal Rotation
No Erythema, Swelling
Dx: First - MRI
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Craniosynostosis
Mutation of Fibroblast Growth Factors Receptors
Mutated Transforming Growth Factors
Vitamin D Deficiency
Teratogen Exposure
Cloverleaf Skull
Closure or Saggital or Coronal Sutures
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Macroscopic Bone Structure
Characteristics
Compact Bone
Yellow Bone Marrow
Spongy Bone
Red Bone Marrow
Long Bone
Epiphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Diaphysis
Metaphysis
Periosteum
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2 mins
Spina Bifida Assessment
Cause
Congenital Malformation of Vertebrae
Assessment
Dimple With or Without Hair Tuft
Lumbar Sac
Hydrocephalus
Paralysis
Considerations
Identify Type
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2 mins
Spina Bifida Interventions
Surgery
Prone Position
Cover Sac with Moist (Sterile) Dressing
Measure Head Circumference
Bulging Fontanel
Considerations
Other Congenital Malformations Common
Bowel Control
Neurogenic Bladder
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2 mins
Genetic Defects of Limb Development
Sirenomelia
Amelia/Meromelia
Thalidomide
Bradydactily
Syndactyly
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Osteoarthritis
Mechanism
Articular Cartilage Destruction
Biomechanical Stress
Aging
Signs and Symptoms
Asymmetric
Pain Decreases with Rest
Morning Stiffness Under 30 Minutes
Crepitus
DIP and PIP Joints
Treatment
Lifestyle Changes
Acetaminophen or NSAIDs
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2 mins
Rheumatoid Arthritis Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Heat and Cold Applications
Therapeutic Exercise
Balance Rest and Activity
Drug Therapy
NSAIDs
DMARDs
Glucocorticoids
Considerations
PT/OT
Reconstructive Joint Surgery
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosis and Clinical Features
IM DAMN SHARP acronym
Immunoglobulins
Malar rash
Discoid rash
Antinuclear antibody
Mucositis
Neurologic disorders
Serositis
Hematologic disorders
Arthritis
Renal disorders
Photosensitivity
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2 mins
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Mechanism, Treatment and Complications
Mechanism and Characteristics
Systemic Autoimmune Disease
9:1 female to male ratio
Treatment
Glucocorticoids
NSAIDS
Hydroxychloroquine
Cyclophosphamide
Complications
Lupus nephritis
Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
Secondary Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome
Other
Drug-induced lupus
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2 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Disease
Pathophysiology
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy
More Common in Women
Endomysial Inflammation with CD8+ Cells (Polymyositis)
Perimysial Inflammation with CD4+ Cells (Dermatomyositis)
Signs and Symptoms (Both)
Symmetric Proximal Muscle Weakness
Dysphagia
Lung and Cardiac Involvement
Signs and Symptoms (Dermatomyositis)
Malar Rash
Shawl-like Shoulder Rash
Gottron Papules on Knuckles
Heliotrope Rash
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3 mins
Polymyositis / Dermatomyositis Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Increased CK (CPK)
Increased Aldolase
Anti-JO-1 Antibody
Anti-SRP Antibody
Antinuclear Antibody
Abnormal EMG
Biopsy
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Methotrexate
Azathioprine
Treatment For Resistant Disease
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Cyclophosphamide
Rituximab
Calcineurin Inhibitors
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2 mins
Myasthenia Gravis
Mechanism
Antibodies to Acetylcholine Receptor
Symptoms
Ptosis
Diplopia
Weakness with Muscle Use
Respiratory Death
Thymus Associated
Treatment
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
Plasmapheresis
Thymectomy
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1 min

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