Emma Shared "DISkO Exam 1" - 32 Picmonics
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DISkO Exam 1
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Assessment
- Hypercalcemia
- Kidney Stones
- Osteoporosis
- Arrhythmias
- Diagnostic Tests
- Increased Calcium and Decreased Phosphorus
- Considerations
- Prevent Injury
- Medication Education
- Surgery
1 min
Hypoparathyroidism
- Assessment
- Hypocalcemia
- Lethargy
- Tetany
- Arrhythmias
- Diagnostic Tests
- Decreased Calcium and Increased Phosphorus
- Considerations
- IV Calcium Chloride
- Rebreather Mask
- Lifelong Medications
- Oral Calcium Supplements with Vitamin D
2 mins
MEN 1 (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia)
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Menin Mutation (Tumor Suppression Gene)
- Chromosome 11
- Signs and Symptoms
- Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors
- Pituitary Tumors
- Parathyroid Adenomas
2 mins
MEN 2A (Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia)
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- RET Gene
- Signs and Symptoms
- Medullary Thyroid carcinoma
- Calcitonin
- Parathyroid
- Pheochromocytoma
45 secs
Thymic Aplasia (DiGeorge Syndrome)
- Pathophysiology
- DiGeorge Syndrome
- 22q11 Deletion
- Failure to Develop Third and Fourth Pharyngeal Pouches
- Signs and Symptoms
- Undeveloped Thymus
- T Cell Deficiency
- Recurrent Viral and Fungal Infections
- Undeveloped Parathyroids
- Hypocalcemia
- Tetany
- Aortic Defects
- Congenital Heart Defects
- Diagnosis
- Absent Thymic Shadow on CXR
2 mins
Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type 1A
- Characteristics
- Defect in PTH Receptor
- Increased PTH
- Hypocalcemia and Hyperphosphatemia
- Autosomal Dominant
- Mutation in GNAS Gene
- Maternal Imprinting
- Clinical Features
- Short Stature
- Shortened 4th Fingers
- Developmental Delay
- Subcutaneous Calcifications
- Tetany
- Seizures
- Management
- Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
3 mins
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Characteristics
- Hypocalcemia or Hyperphosphatemia
- Increased Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
- Increased Alkaline Phosphatase (ALK-P)
- Reactive Parathyroid Hyperplasia
- Etiologies
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Diagnosis
- Laboratory Tests
- Management
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Phosphate Binders
- Vitamin D Supplements
2 mins
Marfan Syndrome
- Mechanism
- Fibrillin-1 Mutation
- Symptoms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Tall
- Arachnodactyly
- Pectus Excavatum
- Hypermobile Joints
- Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection
- Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
- Subluxation of Lens (Superior)
2 mins
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Disease
- Pathophysiology
- Faulty Collagen Synthesis
- Autosomal Dominant or Recessive
- Various Severities
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypermobile Joints
- Hyperextensible Skin
- Easy Bruising/Bleeding
- Berry (Saccular) Aneurysm
- Considerations
- Brighton Criteria
2 mins
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Dominant
- Decreased Type I Collagen Production
- Symptoms
- Phenotypically Diverse
- Brittle Bone Disease
- Fractures from Minimal Trauma
- Confused with Child Abuse
- Hearing Loss
- Dental Imperfections
- Blue Sclera
1 min
Paget's Disease of Bone
- Pathophysiology
- Men > Age 40
- Increased Osteoblast and Osteoclast activity
- Mosaic Pattern
- Signs and Symptoms
- Increased Skull Diameter
- Hearing Loss
- Fractures
- Bone Ache and Joint Pain
- High Output Heart Failure
- Diagnosis
- Bone Scan
- Normal Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Calcium
- Elevated ALP
- Treatment
- Bisphosphonate
- Calcitonin
2 mins
Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)
- Pathophysiology
- Defective Osteoclast Resorption
- Carbonic Anhydrase II Mutation
- Lack of Acidic Environment
- Symptoms
- Fractures
- Nerve Palsies
- Diagnosis
- Myelophthisic Anemia
- Erlenmeyer Flask Bones
- Normal ALP and PTH
- Normal Calcium and Phosphorus
- Bone-in-bone Appearance
- Treatment
- Bone Marrow Transplant
2 mins
Osteosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Osteogenic Sarcoma
- Peak incidence men 10-20 years old
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Knee Region
- Radiation
- Familial Retinoblastoma
- Paget's Disease
- Diagnosis
- Codman Triangle
- Sunburst Pattern from Elevated Periosteum
- Grave Prognosis
2 mins
Chondrosarcoma
- Pathophysiology
- Cartilaginous tumor
- Malignant
- Men 30-60 years old
- Pelvic and femur bones
- Signs & Symptoms
- Glistening mass in medullary cavity
- Can be primary in origin or from osteochondroma
- Metastasize to lungs
1 min
Ewing's Sarcoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common in Boys < 15 years old
- Pathophysiology
- 11;22 Translocation
- Characteristics
- Long bones, Pelvis, Ribs
- Diaphysis
- Small Blue Cells
- Malignant
- Aggressive
- Onion-skin Appearance
- TREATMENT
- Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Giant Cell Tumor
- Pathophysiology
- Osteoclastoma
- Epiphyseal End of Long Bones
- Peak Incidence 20-40 Years
- Benign
- Knee Region
- Diagnosis
- Soap Bubble Appearance on X-ray
- Spindle-shaped Cells
- Multinucleated Giant Cells
46 secs
Osteochondroma
- Characteristics
- Most Common Benign Bone Tumor
- Males Under 25
- Cartilage-capped Spurs
- Metaphysis of Long Bones
- Small Risk of Chondrosarcoma
- Clinical Features
- Painless Mass near Joint
- Painful if Growing or Malignant
- Workup
- X-Ray
- MRI if Concern for Malignancy or Functional Limitation
- Management
- Monitoring
- Surgery
3 mins
Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
- Characteristics
- Benign Bone Tumors
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Osteoid Osteoma
- Cortex of Long Bones
- Pain Relieved by NSAIDs
- Pain Worse at Night
- <2 cm
- Radiolucent Nidus with Surrounding Sclerosis
- Osteoblastoma
- Osteoblastoma
- Spine
- Pain Not Relieved by NSAIDs
- > 2 cm
- Radiolucent Nidus without Surrounding Sclerosis
- Management
- Surgery
3 mins
Gardner Syndrome
- Pathophysiology
- Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) + Extraintestinal Benign Tumors
- Autosomal Dominant
- APC Gene Mutation
- Clinical Findings
- Desmoid Tumors
- Nasal Angiofibromas
- Osteomas
- Congenital Hypertrophy of Retinal Pigment Epithelium
- Dental Abnormalities
- Cutaneous Lesions
- Adrenal Adenomas
- Associations
- Thyroid Cancer
- Duodenal / Periampullary Cancer
- Pancreatic Cancer
- Hepatoblastoma
2 mins
Osgood-Schlatter Disease (Tibial Tubercle Apophysitis)
- Pathophysiology
- Apophysitis of Tibial Tubercle
- Active, Young Boys
- Running and Jumping
- Overuse Injury
- Recent Growth Spurt
- Signs and Symptoms
- Diagnosis Made on History
- Anterior Knee Pain
- Enlarged Tibial Tubercle
- Edema
- Treatment
- Rest
- NSAIDs
- Activity Restriction
- Self-limiting
2 mins
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