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Step 1 Neuro Anatomy Physio Review
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Characteristics
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Spinal Cord
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Grey Matter
White Matter
2 mins
Neuron Action Potential Initiation
Characteristics
Summation of Signals
-50 mV Threshold Value Reached
Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels Open
Local Depolarization
Na+ Influx
Potassium Channels open
Repolarization
2 mins
Neuron Action Potential Propagation
Characteristics
Unidirectional Depolarization
Absolute Refractory Period In Preceding Na+ Channels
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
1 min
Epidural Hematoma
Mechanism
Middle Meningeal Artery Rupture
Temporal Bone Fracture
Hematoma Between Skull And Dura Mater
Transtentorial Herniation
Lucid Interval
Imaging
Lens-shaped on CT
Does Not Cross Suture Lines
Treatment
Craniotomy
1 min
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
2 mins
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Posterior Column (Dorsal Column)
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Sensations
Proprioception
Fine Touch
Pressure
Vibration Sensation
Anatomy
Dorsal Root
Fasciculus Cuneatus
Arms
Fasciculus Gracilis
Lower Limbs
Lesions
Vitamin B12 Deficiency
Tabes Dorsalis
2 mins
Spinothalamic Tracts
Ascending Pathway (Sensory)
Lateral
Temperature
Pain
Anterior
Crude Touch
Pressure
Decussates at Anterior White Commisure
Lesion
Contralateral Anesthesia
2 mins
Types of Strokes
Warning Signs
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
Types
Ischemic
Thrombotic
Atherosclerosis
Embolic
Atrial Fibrillation
Hemorrhagic
Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Acute Loss of Lumbar Plexus Function
Surgical Emergency
Saddle Anesthesia
Causes
Inflammatory Disorders
Spinal Stenosis
Trauma
Lesions
Symptoms
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Sciatica
Diagnosis
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Clinical
1 min
Dermatomes - Cervical
C2 - Posterior Cap Distribution
C3 - High Turtleneck
C4 - Low Collar Shirt
C5 - Anterolateral Shoulder
C6 - Thumb
C7 - Middle Finger
C8 - Pinky Finger
1 min
Dermatomes - Thoracic
Characteristics
T1 - Medial Arm
T4 - Nipple
T7 - Xiphoid
T10 - Belly Button
T12 - Pubis
58 secs
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