Wayne Shared "Pathology Bliss 6/20/2024" - 50 Picmonics
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Pathology Bliss 6/20/2024
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Ages < 15
- May Present with Bone Marrow Involvement in Children
- Mediastinal Mass in Adolescents
- TdT Positive
- CALLA Positive
- t(12;21) Better Prognosis
- Spread to CNS and Testes
- Most Responsive to Chemotherapy
2 mins
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)
- Myeloblasts Increase on Peripheral Smear
- Median Onset 60 Years
- T 15;17 M3 Subtype
- Auer Rods
- Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is a Common Presentation
- M5 Gum Infiltration
- Responds to Vitamin A
3 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
- Pathophysiology
- JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Symptoms
- Erythromelalgia
- Pruritus
- Often After Hot Shower
- Headache
- Treatment
- Phlebotomy
- Aspirin
1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
- Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
- Hypervolemia
- Histaminemia
- Hyperviscosity
- Hyperuricemia
- Diagnosis
- Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
- Positive Jak2 Mutation
1 min
Blood Cancer Overview
- Acute Conditions
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
- Chronic Conditions
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
- Adult T Cell Lymphoma
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
- Blast Crisis
- Polycythemia Vera Disease
- Essential Thrombocythemia
4 mins
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Pathophysiology
- BCR-ABL
- 9;22 Translocation
- Philadelphia Chromosome
- Signs & Symptoms
- Tyrosine Kinase
- Low Alkaline Phosphatase
- Splenomegaly
- Considerations
- Blast Crisis
- Age 30 to 90 Years
- Responds to Imatinib
3 mins
Essential Thrombocythemia
- Characteristics
- JAK2 Mutation
- Presentation
- Often Asymptomatic
- Thromboembolic Events
- Spontaneous Abortion
- Erythromelalgia
- Gout
- Diagnosis
- Thrombocytosis
- Megakaryocyte Hyperplasia
- Management
- Aspirin
- Hydroxyurea
2 mins
Imatinib (Gleevec)
- Indications
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
- Inhibitor of BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase
- Caused by Philadelphia Chromosome
- GI Stromal Tumors
- Inhibitor of C-kit Tyrosine Kinase
- Toxicity
- Fluid Retention
1 min
Primary Myelofibrosis
- Characteristics
- Bone Marrow Fibrosis
- Extramedullary Hematopoiesis
- JAK2 Kinase Mutation
- Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Weight Loss
- Splenomegaly
- DIagnosis
- Pancytopenia
- Dacrocytes (Teardrop Cells)
- Dry Tap on Bone Marrow Aspiration
- Treatment
- Stem Cell Transplantation
- Transfusion
- Ruxolitinib (JAK2 Inhibitor)
2 mins
Lichen Simplex Chronicus
- Pathophysiology
- Hyperplasia of Vulvar Squamous Epithelium
- Scratching
- Rubbing
- Benign
- No Risk of Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Leather Skin
- Pruritus
- Management
- Corticosteroids
1 min
Extramammary Paget disease of the VULVA- (with Audio)
- Microscopic features
- Malignant epithelial cells in the epidermis of the vulva
- pale/clear cytoplasm in pagetoid cells
- "Large pleomorphic cells"
- eccentric nuclei
- Pagetoid spread histology picture
- General
- not Melanoma....
- erythematous, pruritic, ulcerated vulvar lesion
- No underlying carcinoma,
- Markers
- PAS + stain
- Keratin Positive
- S100 negative
8 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin
- Epidemiology
- 2nd Most Common Skin Cancer
- UV Light Exposure
- Long-term Immunosuppression
- Arsenic Exposure
- Signs/Symptoms
- Ulcerative Red Lesion
- Precursor Actinic Keratosis
- Commonly Lower Lip
- Diagnosis
- Biopsy shows Keratin Pearls
- Treatment
- Mohs Micrographic Surgery
2 mins
Vaginal Cancer Subtypes
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Most Common Subtype
- Associated with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
- Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
- Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Exposure
- Sarcoma Botryoides
- Sarcoma Botryoides
- Malignant Rhabdomyosarcoma
- "Bunch of Grapes" in Vagina
- Spindle-Shaped Cells
- Desmin Positive
3 mins
Vaginal Cancer
- Characteristics
- HPV 16, 18
- Squamous Cell Carcinoma is Most Common Subtype
- Clinical Features
- Vaginal Bleeding
- Leukoplakia
- Diagnosis
- Colposcopy with Biopsy
- Management
- Radiation Therapy
- Surgery
2 mins
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Sarcoma Botryoides)
- Immature skeletal muscle
- Bleeding grape like mass
- Desmin and myogenin
- Cytoplasm resemble tennis racket
- Invade into peritoneum and urinary tract
- Surgery and chemotherapy
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Mechanism
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- Chlamydia Trachomatis
- Symptoms
- Cervical Motion Tenderness
- Chandelier Sign
- Salpingitis
- Tubo-ovarian abscess
- Hydrosalpinx
- Complications
- Ectopic Pregnancy
- Infertility
- Adhesions
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
2 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Disease
- Signs & Symptoms
- Dysuria
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
- Neonatal Conjunctivitis
- Pharyngitis
- Septic Arthritis
- Tenosynovitis
- Pustules On Hands And Feet
- Treatment
- Ceftriaxone
- Azithromycin
- Doxycycline
- Considerations
- C5-9 Complement Deficiency (Recurrent Infections)
2 mins
Paclitaxel (Taxanes)
- Mechanism of Action
- Taxane
- Stabilizes Microtubules
- Indications
- Breast Cancer
- Ovarian Cancer
- Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
- Kaposi Sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Side Effects
- Mucositis
- Myelosuppression
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Hypersensitivity
- Alopecia
- Considerations
- Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
- Mechanism
- Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
- Large Increase in LH
- Small Decrease in FSH
- Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
- Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
- Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
- Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
- Symptoms
- Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
- Amenorrhea
- Acne
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Diagnosis
- Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
- LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
- "String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
1 min
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