Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder and Adenocarcinoma
- Chronic irritation of urinary bladder causes squamous metaplasia leading to dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma
- Risk factors include Schistosoma haematobium infection (Middle East), chronic cystitis (older women), smoking, chronic nephrolithiasis
- Presents with painless hematuria
- Malignant gland proliferation usually within the bladder
- Can arise from urachal remnant (at the dome of the bladder), cystitis glandularis or exstrophy of the bladder