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DIT Primer Videos
CN I
Olfactory Nerve
Sensory
Smell
36 secs
CN II
Optic Nerve
Sensory
Vision
35 secs
CN III
Oculomotor Nerve
Motor
Eye Movement
Accommodation
Eyelid Opening
Pupillary Constriction
1 min
CN IV
Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates
48 secs
CN V
Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory
Facial Sensation
Motor Function (Via Mandibular Nerve)
Mastication Muscles
1 min
CN VI
Abducens Nerve
Motor
Abducts Eye
48 secs
CN VII
Facial Nerve
Lacrimation
Salivation
Sensory
Taste from Anterior 2/3 of Tongue
Motor
Facial Movement
Stapedius Muscle
Eyelid Closing
1 min
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sensory
Hearing
Balance
55 secs
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal Nerve
Sensory
Taste from Posterior 1/3 of Tongue
Monitoring Carotid Body and Sinus
Motor
Stylopharyngeus
Swallowing
Salivation
1 min
CN X
Vagus Nerve
Sensory
Aortic Arch Chemoreceptors and Baroreceptors
Taste from Epiglottic Region
Motor
Swallowing
Palate Elevation
Talking
Coughing
Midline Uvula
1 min
CN XI
Accessory Nerve
Motor
Head Turning
Shoulder Shrugging
36 secs
CN XII
Hypoglossal Nerve
Motor
Tongue Movement
34 secs
Candida Albicans
Fungi
Yeast with Pseudohyphae at 20 Degrees C
Germ Tube Formation at 37 Degrees C
Pruritic Vaginitis
White Cottage Cheese Discharge
Fiery Red Mucosa
Diabetics
Antibiotic Use
Esophageal Thrush in Immunocompromised
Diaper Rash
Endocarditis in IV Drug Users
2 mins
Cryptococcus neoformans
Characteristics
Monomorphic
Encapsulated
Polysaccharide Capsule
Narrow-Based Buds
Latex Agglutination
Pigeons
India Ink
Mucicarmine stain
Signs and Symptoms
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Meningitis
Soap Bubble Lesions in Brain
Pneumonia
Treatment
Fluconazole
Flucytosine
Amphotericin
3 mins
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungi
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Fever
Hypoxemia
Bronchoalveolar Lavage
Biopsy
Methenamine Silver Stain
Saucer/cup shaped yeast forms
Diffuse interstitial pneumonia CXR
TMP-SMX
Start prophylaxis when CD4 drops under 200
1 min
Aspergillus fumigatus
Characteristics
Fungi
Monomorphic
Septate Hyphae
Branch at Acute Angles
Fruiting Bodies
Disease
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Eosinophilia
Increased IgE
Glucocorticoids +/- Azoles
Pulmonary Aspergillosis
TB Cavity
Lung Aspergilloma
Hemoptysis
Invasive Aspergillosis
AIDS/Immunocompromised
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
Hemorrhagic Infarction
Necrotizing Bronchopneumonia
Voriconazole +/- Caspofungin
3 mins
Mucor and Rhizopus
Characteristics
Fungi
Irregular Non-septate Hyphae
Branching Wide Angles over 90 degrees
Signs and Symptoms
Leukemic Patients
Proliferate due to excess ketones and glucose
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Rhinocerebral frontal lobe abscess
Penetrate cribriform plate into brain
Black Necrotic Eschars on Face
2 mins
Histoplasmosis
Fungi
2-5 um
Yeast Cells within Macrophages
Starling Bird Poop
Bat Poop
Caves
Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
Pneumonia
Caseating Granuloma
Erythema Nodosum
1 min
Blastomyces
Characteristics
Fungi
Hyphae Form at 20°-25°C
Yeast Form at 37°C
Round Yeast
5-15 Micrometer (um or μm)
Single Broad-Based Buds
Thick Doubly-Refractive Walls
East of the Mississippi River and Around the Great Lakes
Signs and Symptoms
Pneumonia
Skin Infection
Bone Infection
Granulomatous Response
Treatment
Itraconazole
Amphotericin B
3 mins
Coccidioidomycosis
Characteristics
Fungi
Dimorphic
Southwest
After earthquakes
Spherule
20-60 um
Signs and Symptoms
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Bone Infection
Skin infections
Erythema Nodosum
Granulomatous Inflammation
Caseous Necrosis
2 mins
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