Nashiely Shared "A&P" - 181 Picmonics
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A&P
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
- Characteristics
- Aortic Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Closes
- Ventricles Relax
- Mitral Valve Opens
- Tricuspid Valve Opens
- Ventricles Fill
- Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
- Atrial Contraction
3 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
- Characteristics
- AV Node
- AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
- Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
- Tricuspid Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Opens
- Mitral Valve Closes
- Aortic Valve Opens
2 mins
Whole Blood Composition
- Characteristics
- Plasma
- Electrolytes And Other Solutes
- Proteins
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
- Water
- Formed Elements
- Buffy Coat
- White Blood Cells (WBC)
- Platelets
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
2 mins
Clotting Overview
- Characteristics
- Endothelial Cells are Damaged
- Platelets Respond to Exposed Collagen and Stick
- Platelets Release Recruiting Factors
- More Platelets are Attracted
- Soluble Fibrinogen Turns to Insoluble Fibrin
- Fibrin Seals the Clot
- Clot Dissolves
- Liver Produces Clotting Factors
2 mins
Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
- Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
- High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
- High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
- High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
- Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
- Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
2 mins
Lymphatics
- Characteristics
- Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
- Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
- Unidirectional Valves
- Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
- WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
- Merge with Veins
2 mins
Coagulation Cascade
- Secondary Hemostasis
- Intrinsic Pathway
- Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT)
- Heparin
- Extrinsic Pathway
- Prothrombin Time (PT)
- Warfarin
- Common Pathway
- Thrombin
- Convert Fibrinogen to Fibrin
- Stabilizes the Platelet Plug
2 mins
Blood Types
- Allele A is Dominant
- Allele B is Dominant
- Allele O is Recessive
- Genotypes AA and AO have Type A Blood
- Genotypes BB and BO have Type B Blood
- Genotype AB is co-dominant and has Type AB Blood
- Genotype OO Results in Type O Blood
2 mins
Blood Types and Compatibilities
- ABO Compatibility
- No Antigens (Type O Blood)
- Universal Donor
- A Antigen (Type A Blood)
- B Antigen (Type B Blood)
- AB Antigen (Type AB Blood)
- Universal Recipient
- Rhesus (Rh) Compatibility
- Rh (Rhesus) Antigen
- Never Rh+ to Rh-
- Considerations
- Blood Transfusion
- Obstetric Patient
2 mins
Types of Shock
- Hypovolemic
- Depleted Volume
- Cardiogenic
- Pump Failure
- Obstructive
- Indirect Pump Failure
- Distributive
- Lost Vascular Tone
- Neurogenic
- Anaphylactic
- Septic
2 mins
Types of Blood Products
- Types
- Whole Blood
- Packed Red Blood Cells
- Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Immunoglobulins
- Clotting Factors
- Albumin
- Platelets
- Considerations
- Use within 24 Hours
- Washing Removes Antibodies
- Irradiation Destroys WBCs
2 mins
IV Solutions
- Hypotonic (< 280 mOsm/L)
- 1/4 Normal Saline (0.225% NaCl)
- 1/2 Normal Saline (0.45% NaCl)
- Isotonic (280-300 mOsm)
- Normal Saline (0.9% NaCl)
- Lactated Ringer's (LR)
- Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)
- Hypertonic (> 300 mOsm)
- 3% or 5% NaCl
- Dextrose 5% in 0.45% NaCl
- Dextrose 10% in Water (D10W)
3 mins
Oral Cavity
- Characteristics
- Mouth
- Mechanical Digestion
- Salivary Amylase Begins Carbohydrate Breakdown
- Lingual Lipase Begins Lipid Breakdown
- Esophagus
- Bolus
- Peristalsis
1 min
Stomach Digestion
- Characteristics
- Chief Cells Secrete Pepsinogen
- Pepsinogen Turned to Pepsin By H+
- Protein Breakdown Begins
- Mucous Cells Secrete Mucus and Bicarbonate
- G Cells Secrete Gastrin
- Gastrin Stimulates Parietal Cell HCl Release
- Parietal Cells Secrete Intrinsic Factor
2 mins
Small Intestine Digestion
- Brush border enzymes
- Pancreatic Enzymes are secreted via a Duct
- Pancreas secretes bicarbonate
- Brush Border activates Pancreatic Trypsin
- Trypsin activates Chymotrypsin
- Trypsin and Chymotrypsin digest Proteins
- Gallbladder Releases Bile
- Pancreatic Lipase breaks down Lipids
- Goblet cells secrete mucus
- Pancreatic Amylase breaks down Carbohydrates
- Pancreatic Nucleases breakdown DNA/RNA
- Digestion occurs in the Duodenum
2 mins
Small Intestine Absorption
- Characteristics
- Carbohydrates Undergo Active Transport
- Amino Acids Undergo Active Transport
- Small Lipids Undergo Passive Diffusion
- Epithelial Cells
- Intestinal Capillaries
- Hepatic Portal Transports Nutrients
- Liver
- Large Lipids Transported as Chylomicrons
- Lacteals Transport Chylomicrons
2 mins
Large Intestine
- Characteristics
- Colon
- Electrolyte Reabsorption
- Water Reabsorption
- Microflora Produce Vitamins
- Rectum Stores Feces
1 min
Hypothalamus
- Characteristics
- Anterior Pituitary Stimulated Through the Hypophyseal Portal
- GHRH
- GnRH
- TRH
- PIF
- CRF Released During Stress
- Posterior Pituitary Stimulated Through Neural Control
3 mins
Anterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Hypothalamic Control
- FLAT PeG Mnemonic
- Tropic Hormones
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Lutenizing Hormone (LH)
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
- Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- Direct Hormones
- Prolactin (PRL)
- Growth Hormone (GH)
2 mins
Posterior Pituitary
- Characteristics
- Neuroendocrine Reflex Stimulation (By Hypothalamus)
- Direct Hormones
- Vasopressin
- Increased Water Retention (In Kidneys)
- Oxytocin
- Increased Uterine Contraction
- Mammary Glands Contraction
2 mins
