Em Shared "pharm final " - 51 Picmonics
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pharm final
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL
2 mins
Gemfibrozil (Fibrates)
- Mechanism of Action
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Increase in HDL
- Slight Decrease in LDL
- Indications
- Hypertriglyceridemia
- Side Effect
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- Myopathy
- Considerations
- Do Not Combine with Statins
- Warfarin Toxicity
2 mins
Bile Acid Resins
- Indications
- Hyperlipidemia
- Mechanism of Action
- Bile Acid Reabsorption Prevented
- Decrease LDL
- Drugs
- Colestipol (Colestid)
- Cholestyramine (Questran)
- Colesevelam (Welchol)
- Side Effects
- GI Distress
- Cholesterol Gallstones
- Decreased Absorption of Fat-soluble Vitamins
2 mins
Warfarin (Coumadin)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
- Indications
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Venous Thrombosis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Assessment
- PT/INR Levels
- Observe for Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Pregnancy
- Nursing Considerations
- Vitamin K and Fresh Frozen Plasma
- Prolonged Therapeutic Onset
- Maintain Same Diet
2 mins
Heparin (Unfractionated)
- Mechanism of Action
- Suppresses Coagulation
- Indications
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Side Effects
- Hemorrhage
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Considerations
- Monitor aPTT
- Preferred (Safe) During Pregnancy
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Pathophysiology
- 5-10 Days After Heparin Exposure
- Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Complex
- Autoantibodies Form Against Complex
- Heparin-Platelet Factor 4-Antibody Complex Binds Platelets
- Platelet Aggregation
- Procoagulant Release
- Symptoms
- Thrombocytopenia
- Diagnosis
- Serotonin Release Assay (SRA)
- Treatment
- Stop Heparin, Start Direct Thrombin Inhibitor
2 mins
Enoxaparin (Lovenox)
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Clotting Factors
- Factor Xa
- Indications
- Clot Formation Prevention
- Side Effects
- Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Medication Education
- Subcutaneous Injection
- 2 Inches from Umbilicus or Incisions
- Antidote
- Protamine Sulfate
2 mins
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
- Mechanism
- Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
- NSAID
- Indications
- Thrombotic Event Prevention
- General Pain
- Inflammatory Conditions
- Fever
- Side Effects
- Pancytopenia
- GI Ulcers
- Bleeding
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
- Reye's Syndrome
2 mins
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
- Mechanism
- ADP Receptor Antagonist
- Prevent Platelet Aggregation
- Indications
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prevention of Thrombotic Events
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
- Pancytopenia
- Abdominal Pain
- Considerations
- Withhold Before Surgery
2 mins
Alteplase
- Mechanism
- Tissue Plasminogen Activator
- Indications
- Thrombosis
- Side Effects
- Bleeding
- Contraindications
- Intracranial Hemorrhage
- Internal Hemorrhaging
- Considerations
- Minimize Bleeding
- Monitor for Shock
- Antidote
- Aminocaproic Acid
2 mins
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- Mechanism
- Osmotic Diuresis
- Indications
- Reducing Intracranial Pressure
- Reducing Intraocular Pressure
- Renal Failure Prophylaxis
- Side Effects
- Edema
- Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance
- Considerations
- Avoid Use in Cardiac Patients
- IV Administration
2 mins
Loop Diuretics
- Mechanism of Action
- Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
- Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl-
- Sulfa Drug
- Drug Names
- Furosemide
- Lasix
- Side Effects
- Ototoxicity from Rapid Injection
- Gout
- Dehydration
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypokalemia
- Orthostatic Hypotension
2 mins
Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits Reabsorption NaCl and H2O
- Indications
- Edema
- Mild to Moderate Hypertension
- Side Effects
- Hypokalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Dehydration
- Hyperglycemia
- Gout
- Contraindications
- Sulfa Allergy
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
1 min
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
- Mechanisms
- Inhibition of Aldosterone
- Potassium Retention
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Edema
- Heart Failure
- Side Effects
- Hyperkalemia
- Endocrine Effects
- Consideration
- Avoid Potassium Supplements
2 mins
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
2 mins
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors
- "-pril" Suffix
- Mechanism of Action
- Block Renin Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Side Effects
- Dry Non-productive Cough
- Hypotension
- Dizziness
- Possible Hyperkalemia
- Angioedema
- Nursing Considerations
- Slowly Change Position
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Ends in "-sartan"
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Side Effects
- Angioedema
- Contraindications
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Pregnancy
1 min
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Mechanism
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Contraindications
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Nursing Considerations
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Prazosin (Minipress)
- -osin suffix
- Mechanisms
- Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nightmares
- Side Effects
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
- Nasal Congestion
- Considerations
- First Dose Effect
- Administer at Bedtime
2 mins
Hydralazine (Apresoline)
- Indications
- Severe Hypertension
- CHF
- Reduced Afterload
- Pregnancy
- Mechanism of Action
- Vasodilates Arterioles
- Side Effects
- Drug-induced Lupus
- Reflex Tachycardia
- Hypotension
- Considerations
- Combined with Diuretic and Beta Blocker
1 min
