Restrictive vs. Obstructive Lung Diseases
Restrictive Lung Disease Decreased Lung Volume FEV1/FVC Ratio Normal to Increased Obstructive Lung Disease Increased Lung Volume Decreased FEV1/FVC Ratio Restrictive Lung Diseases
Poor Breathing Mechanics Interstitial Lung Diseases Goodpasture's Syndrome Eosinophilic Granuloma Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Sarcoidosis Pneumoconiosis Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Drug Toxicity Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome Obstructive Lung Disease
Blocked Airflow Increased residual volume V/Q Mismatch Decreased forced vital capacity (FVC) Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio Asthma Bronchiectasis Chronic bronchitis Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis
Chronic Inflammation of Bronchi Early-Onset Cyanosis Blue Bloaters Productive Cough Wheezing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Late-Onset Dyspnea Crackles Reid Index > 50% Emphysema
Pink Puffer Exhale through Pursed Lips Barrel Chest Obstructive Lung Disease Increased Lung Compliance Centriacinar Panacinar Asthma
Obstructive lung disease Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness History of Atopic Disease Beta2 agonists Corticosteroids Curschmann's spirals Hypertrophy of smooth muscle Reversible Charcot Leyden crystals Methacholine challenge Wheezing Cough Initially decreased PaCO2 Pulsus paradoxus Bronchiectasis
Obstructive Lung Disease Chronic Necrotizing Infection Permanent Airway Dilation Poor Ciliary Motility Kartagener's Syndrome Cystic Fibrosis Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis Hemoptysis Increased Sputum Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Restlessness Dyspnea Refractory Hypoxemia Decreased PaO2 Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates Atelectasis Pulmonary Hypertension Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
Closely Monitor Patient ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases) Oxygen Assess for O2 Toxicity Mechanical Ventilation PEEP Assess for Pneumothorax Permissive Hypercapnia High Mortality Rate Sarcoidosis Characteristics and Labs
Unknown Mechanism Immune-mediated Noncaseating granulomas Vitamin D activation Hypercalcemia Elevated ACE Asteroid bodies X-Ray shows Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy Corticosteroids Sarcoidosis Symptoms
Black Females Asymptomatic Uveitis Interstitial Fibrosis Erythema Nodosum Hepatomegaly Myocardial Sarcoidosis Lupus Pernio Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
Autosomal Recessive CFTR chromosome 7 Cl- channel defect Decreased chloride secretion Increased Na and water reabsorption Increased Na and Cl in sweat Dehydration of mucous layers Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
Recurrent Pulmonary Infections Chronic Bronchitis Nasal Polyps Pancreatic Insufficiency Intestinal Obstruction Malabsorption and Diarrhea Vitamin Deficiencies Chronic Hepatic Disease Infertility in Males Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L Meconium Ileus N-acetylcysteine Antibiotic Prophylaxis Pulmonary Maintenance Lung Transplant Vitamin Replacement Spontaneous Pneumothorax
Accumulation of Air in Pleural Space Tall and Thin Young Males Bleb or Bulla Rupture Underlying Disease Hypoxemia Chest Pain Decreased Breath Sounds Hyperresonance Shortness of Breath (SOB) Tension Pneumothorax
Air Enters Pleural Space, but Can't Exit Trauma or Infection Decreased Breath Sounds Trachea Deviates Away from Affected Side Chest Pain Tachycardia Tachypnea Hypotension Hypoxemia Hyperresonance Emergency Pulmonary Embolism Causes
FAT BAT Mnemonic Fat Air Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Bacteria Amniotic Fluid Tumor Hypercoagulable Central Venous Lines Immobilized Pulmonary Embolism Presentation and Diagnosis
Sudden onset Shortness of Breath (S.O.B.) Tachypnea Pleuritic Chest Pain Hemoptysis Hypoxemia Sudden Death Gold Standard: CT Pulmonary Angiography X-Ray D-Dimer V/Q Scan Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Management
Compression Ultrasound (CUS) with Doppler D-Dimer Contrast Venography IVC Filter Heparin for Acute Management Warfarin for Long-term Management Thrombectomy/Thrombolysis Stockings Walking Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Characteristics
Virchow's Triad Venous Stasis Endothelial Damage Hypercoagulability Tenderness Homan's Sign Warmth Redness Swelling Asymptomatic View More
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