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Alisha Shared "Endo exam 3" - 15 Picmonics

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Endo exam 3

Ovulatory Hormones I - Follicular Phase
Characteristics
0-14 Days
GnRH Stimulates FSH and LH
Follicle Secretes Estrogen
Negative Feedback from Estrogen
Increased Estrogen Leads to Positive Feedback
FSH and LH Surge
LH Spike Leads to Ovulation
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2 mins
Ovulatory Hormones II - Luteal Phase
Days 15-28
Corpus Luteum
Secretes Progesterone
Negative Feedback inhibits FSH and LH
No pregnancy forms Corpus Albicans
Stops Estrogen Secretion
Endometrial Sloughing - Menses
GnRH secretion produces new follicular phase
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2 mins
Menopause Symptoms
Symptoms
HAVOCS Mnemonic
Hot Flashes
Atrophy of Vagina
Osteoporosis
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Sleep disturbances
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50 secs
Menopause Lab Findings
Decreased Estrogen
Lack of Negative Feedback
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Increased GnRH
Small Amount of Estrogen From Androgen Conversion
Increased Androgens = Hirsutism
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1 min
Spermatogenesis
Seminiferous Tubules
Sertoli Cells
Spermatogonia
Mitosis
Primary Spermatocyte
Meiosis I
Secondary Spermatocyte
Meiosis II
Spermatid
Spermatozoa
Acrosome
Flagellum
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2 mins
Oogenesis
Characteristics
Primary Oocytes From Birth
Meiosis I Once a Month
Secondary Oocyte Plus Polar Body
Frozen in Metaphase II, in Meiosis II
Ovulation
Fertilization by Sperm
Meiosis II
Ovum
Zygote Forms
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2 mins
Klinefelter's Syndrome
Pathophysiology
Male (XXY)
Signs and Symptoms
Eunuchoid Body Shape
Gynecomastia and Female Hair Distribution
Testicular Atrophy
Dysgenesis of Seminiferous Tubules
Possible Developmental Delay
Hypogonadism
Decreased Inhibin B
Increased FSH
Abnormal Leydig Cell Function
Decreased Testosterone
Increased LH
Increased Estrogen
Barr body (inactivated X chromosome)
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6 mins
Turner Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms
Female (XO)
Short stature
Shield Chest
Cystic Hygroma (Webbing of Neck)
Lymphedema in Hands and Feet
Ovarian Dysgenesis
Streak Ovary
Decreased Estrogen
Increased FSH
Increased LH
Dysgerminoma
Bicuspid Aortic Valve
Preductal Coarctation of the Aorta
Horseshoe Kidney
Menopause before Menarche
Amenorrhea
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5 mins
Achondroplasia
Mechanism
Autosomal Dominant
Advanced Paternal Age
Most Common Cause of Dwarfism
Mutation of FGFR3 (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3)
Defective Endochondral Ossification
Symptoms
Delayed Motor Milestones
Shortened Limbs with Normal Axial Skeleton Size
May Develop Hydrocephalus
Symptoms of Spinal Stenosis
Normal Life Span and Fertility
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2 mins
Acromegaly Assessment
Mechanism
Excess Growth Hormone (GH)
Signs and Symptoms
Protruding Jaw
Large Lips and Nose
Hearing Loss
Enlargement of Hands and Feet
Vision Changes and Headache
Joint Pain
Peripheral Neuropathy
Hyperglycemia
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2 mins
Sheehan's Syndrome
Postpartum Pituitary Gland Necrosis
Agalactorrhea
Amenorrhea
Secondary Hypothyroidism with Cold Intolerance
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1 min
Asherman Syndrome
Characteristics
Endometrial Adhesions or Fibrosis
Etiology
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Dilation and Curettage (D&C)
Clinical Features
Infertility
Recurrent Miscarriages
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Diagnosis
No Bleeding after Progesterone Withdrawal
Honeycomb Uterus
Management
Surgical Resection
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3 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms
Most Common Cause of Infertility in Women
Amenorrhea
Acne
Hirsutism
Obesity
Diagnosis
Enlarged, Cystic Ovaries
LH:FSH Ratio of 3:1
"String of Pearls" on Ultrasound
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1 min
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Mechanism
Mechanism
Hyperinsulinemia Increases GnRH Pulse Frequency
Large Increase in LH
Small Decrease in FSH
Increased Androgen Production From Theca-Lutein Cells
Decreased Steroid Hormone-Binding-Globulin (SHBG) Causes Increased Free Testosterone
Obese Patients Have Increased Estrogen
Increased Risk of Endometrial Cancer
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2 mins
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Treatment
Weight Loss
Oral Contraceptives
Clomiphene Citrate
Anti-androgens
Cyclic Progesterone for Endometrial Protection
Metformin
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1 min

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