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Christopher Shared "BC Group Disease Ex3" - 17 Picmonics

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BC Group Disease Ex3

Homocystinuria
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
4 Forms
Cystathionine Synthase Deficiency
Decreased Affinity of Cystathionine Synthase For Vitamin B6
Methionine Synthase Deficiency
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Marfanoid Body Habitus
Kyphosis
Lens Subluxation (Inferior)
Intellectual Disability
Atherosclerosis
Consideration
Dietary Deficiencies Can Elevate Homocysteine Levels
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3 mins
Hartnup Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Neutral amino acids
Defective Transporter
Renal and Intestinal cells
Signs and Symptoms
Causes tryptophan excretion in urine
Leads to Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
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2 mins
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Mechanism
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
NSAID
Indications
Thrombotic Event Prevention
General Pain
Inflammatory Conditions
Fever
Side Effects
Pancytopenia
GI Ulcers
Bleeding
Considerations
Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
Reye's Syndrome
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2 mins
Folate Deficiency
Clinical Features
Macrocytic Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Etiologies
Malabsorption
Dietary
Tea and Toast
Alcoholics
Medication-induced
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Increased Requirement
Hemolytic Anemia
Pregnancy
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2 mins
Cystinuria
Pathophysiology
Defect of Renal Tubular Amino Acid Transporter
C-O-L-A Acronym
Cystine
Ornithine
Lysine
Arginine
Signs and Symptoms
Excess Cystine in Urine
Hexagonal Crystals
Staghorn Kidney Stones
Diagnosis
Cyanide Nitroprusside Test
Treatment
Acetazolamide to Alkalinize the Urine
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3 mins
Vitamin A (Retinol) Toxicity
Signs and Symptoms
Alopecia
Vision Changes
Headache
Skin Changes
Hyperlipidemia
Hepatotoxicity
Arthralgias
Teratogen
Cleft palate
Cardiac Abnormalities
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3 mins
McArdles Disease
Pathophysiology
Type V Glycogen Storage Disease
Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Muscle
Painful Muscle Cramps
Myoglobinuria
Normal Lactic Acid
Treatment
Vitamin B6
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2 mins
Von Gierke Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Type I Glycogen Storage Disease
Glucose-6-Phosphatase Deficiency
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Glycogen in Liver
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged Kidneys
Severe Fasting Hypoglycemia
Increased Triglycerides
Increased Uric Acid (Gout)
Increased Lactic Acid
Doll-like Facies
Treatment
Continuous Oral Glucose (or Cornstarch)
Avoid Fructose and Galactose
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2 mins
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Pathophysiology
Increased Anion Gap
MUDPILES
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
Propylene Glycol
Isoniazid or Iron
Lactic Acid
Ethylene Glycol
Salicylates
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1 min
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Pathophysiology
Decreased Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
Decreased Tetrahydrobiopterin Cofactor
Autosomal Recessive
Tyrosine Becomes Essential
Phenylalanine Found in Nutrasweet
Symptoms
Musty or Mousy Body Odor
Growth Retardation
Seizures
Intellectual Disability
Hypopigmentation
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2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
Chronic Bronchitis
Nasal Polyps
Pancreatic Insufficiency
Intestinal Obstruction
Malabsorption and Diarrhea
Vitamin Deficiencies
Chronic Hepatic Disease
Infertility in Males
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1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis
Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
Meconium Ileus
Treatment
N-acetylcysteine
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Pulmonary Maintenance
Lung Transplant
Vitamin Replacement
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1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
Autosomal Recessive
CFTR Chromosome 7
Cl- channel Defect
Decreased Chloride Secretion
Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
Dehydration of Mucous Layers
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2 mins
Arsenic, Gold and Copper Antidotes
Toxic Metals
Arsenic
Gold
Copper
Antidotes
Penicillamine
Dimercaprol (BAL)
Succimer
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2 mins
Cyanide Toxicity
Mechanism
Impedes Oxidative Phosphorylation
Lactic Acidosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Symptoms
Skin Flushing
Tachycardia
Tachypnea
Vomiting
Change In LOC (Altered Mental Status)
Seizures
Coma
Treatment
Hydroxocobalamin
Sodium Thiosulphate
Nitrates
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Hypothyroidism Assessment
Assessment
Weight Gain - Edema
Lethargy
Cold Intolerance
Bradycardia
Hypertension
Brittle Nails and Dry Skin
Constipation
Goiter
Prolonged Menses
Slowed Thinking
Diagnostic Tests
Decreased Free T4
Increased TSH
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2 mins
Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
Symptoms
Hypothyroidism with Bouts of Hyperthyroidism
Enlarged, Nontender Thyroid
Mechanism
Autoimmune
Anti-Thyroid Peroxidase (TPO)
Anti-Thyroglobulin
Lab Findings
Hurthle Cells
Lymphoid Follicles
Associations
HLA-DR5 and HLA-DR3
Increased Risk Of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
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2 mins

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