Shai Shared "pulmo" - 46 Picmonics
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pulmo
A-a Gradient
- Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Arterial O2 (PaO2)
- Normal 10 to 15 mmHg
- Hypoxemia with an Abnormal A-a Gradient
- Diffusion problem
- Shunting (Low V/Q)
- Dead space (high V/Q)
1 min
Alveolar Gas Equation
- Equation
- Partial Pressure of Alveolar Oxygen (PAO2)
- Partial Pressure of Oxygen in the Inspired Air (PIO2)
- PIO2 Normally Approximated = 150 mmHg
- Arterial Partial Pressure of CO2 (PaCO2)
- Respiratory Quotient (R)
- R Normally Approximated = 0.8
- PAO2 = PIO2 - (PaCO2/R)
1 min
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
- Pathophysiology
- Increased Anion Gap
- MUDPILES
- Methanol
- Uremia
- Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
- Propylene Glycol
- Isoniazid or Iron
- Lactic Acid
- Ethylene Glycol
- Salicylates
1 min
Asthma
- Obstructive lung disease
- Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
- History of Atopic Disease
- Beta2 agonists
- Corticosteroids
- Curschmann's spirals
- Hypertrophy of smooth muscle
- Reversible
- Charcot Leyden crystals
- Methacholine challenge
- Wheezing
- Cough
- Initially decreased PaCO2
- Pulsus paradoxus
2 mins
Bronchiectasis
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Chronic Necrotizing Infection
- Permanent Airway Dilation
- Poor Ciliary Motility
- Kartagener's Syndrome
- Cystic Fibrosis
- Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
- Hemoptysis
- Increased Sputum
2 mins
Chronic Bronchitis
- Pathophysiology
- Chronic Inflammation of Bronchi
- Signs and Symptoms
- Early-Onset Cyanosis
- Blue Bloaters
- Productive Cough
- Wheezing
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Late-Onset Dyspnea
- Crackles
- Diagnosis
- Reid Index > 50%
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Treatment
- Diagnosis
- Sweat Chloride Test > 60 mmol/L
- Meconium Ileus
- Treatment
- N-acetylcysteine
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Maintenance
- Lung Transplant
- Vitamin Replacement
1 min
Cystic Fibrosis Mechanisms
- Autosomal Recessive
- CFTR Chromosome 7
- Cl- channel Defect
- Decreased Chloride Secretion
- Increased Na and Water Reabsorption
- Increased Na and Cl in Sweat
- Dehydration of Mucous Layers
2 mins
Cystic Fibrosis Symptoms and Complications
- Recurrent Pulmonary Infections
- Chronic Bronchitis
- Nasal Polyps
- Pancreatic Insufficiency
- Intestinal Obstruction
- Malabsorption and Diarrhea
- Vitamin Deficiencies
- Chronic Hepatic Disease
- Infertility in Males
1 min
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Characteristics
- Mechanism
- Virchow's Triad
- Venous Stasis
- Endothelial Damage
- Hypercoagulability
- Symptoms
- Tenderness
- Homan's Sign
- Warmth
- Redness
- Swelling
- Asymptomatic
1 min
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Management
- Diagnosis
- Compression Ultrasound (CUS) with Doppler
- D-Dimer
- Contrast Venography
- Treatment
- IVC Filter
- Heparin for Acute Management
- Warfarin for Long-term Management
- Thrombectomy/Thrombolysis
- Stockings
- Walking
4 mins
Emphysema
- Clinical Features
- Pink Puffer
- Exhale through Pursed Lips
- Barrel Chest
- Pathophysiology
- Obstructive Lung Disease
- Increased Lung Compliance
- Types
- Centriacinar
- Panacinar
2 mins
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
- Pathophysiology
- Granulomatous Vasculitis
- Signs and Symptoms
- Sinusitis
- Skin Lesions
- Peripheral Neuropathy
- Asthma
- GI Disease
- Heart Disease
- Kidney Failure
- Diagnosis
- Eosinophilia
- p-ANCA
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
4 mins
Fetal Circulation
- Placenta
- Umbilical Vein
- Ductus Venosus
- Right Atrium
- Foramen Ovale
- Left Atrium
- Aorta
- Right Ventricle
- Ductus Arteriosus
- Umbilical Arteries
2 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
- Signs and Symptoms
- Aspergillus fumigatus
- Cryptococcus neoformans
- Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
- Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
- Toxoplasma gondii
- Cryptosporidium
- Bartonella henselae
5 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
- Signs and Symptoms
- Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
- JC Virus
- Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
- Pneumocystis Pneumonia
- (HIV) Dementia
- Histoplasmosis
3 mins
HIV CD4+ 500
- Signs and Symptoms
- Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
- Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
- Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
3 mins
Haemophilus Influenzae Disease
- Disease
- Pneumonia
- Cherry Red Epiglottitis
- Meningitis
- Otitis Media
- COPD Exacerbation
- Thumbprint Sign (on X-ray)
- Treatment
- Rifampin Prophylaxis
- Ceftriaxone
2 mins
Haemophilus influenzae Characteristics
- Characteristics
- Gram-Negative
- Coccobacilli
- PRP Capsule in Type B
- Positive Quellung Reaction
- IgA Protease
- Chocolate Agar
- Factor V is NAD
- Factor X is Hematin
- Staph Aureus Provides Factor V
2 mins
Heparin Indications
- Indications
- Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)
- Prophylaxis
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Used during Pregnancy
1 min
