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Pharm Exam 1
6 Rights of Medication Administration
Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Dose
Right Time
Right Route
Right Documentation
Nursing Considerations
Three Checks
Check for Allergies
Assess the Patient
Education
2 mins
Codeine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Mild to Moderate Pain
Cough Suppressant
Side Effects
Sedation
Constipation
Miosis
Considerations
Close Monitoring When Breast Feeding
Often Combined with Non-Opioids
2 mins
Morphine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Pain
Myocardial Infarction
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
CNS Depression
Biliary Colic
Constipation
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pupillary Constriction
Hypotension
2 mins
Buspirone (Buspar)
Mechanism
Increases Serotonin
Indications
Anxiety
Side Effects
Dizziness
Insomnia
Considerations
Delayed Effect
Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
Low Side Effect Profile
Low Abuse Potential
1 min
Diazepam (Valium)
Indications
Anxiety
Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Muscle Spasms
Alcohol Withdrawal
Side Effect/Assessment
Dizziness/Vision Changes
Confusion/Amnesia
Urinary Incontinence
Behavioral Changes
Respiratory Depression
Antidote
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
Nursing Considerations
Fall Precaution
Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Mechanism
Hypnotic
Indications
Insomnia
Side Effects
Daytime Drowsiness
Bizarre Sleep Behaviors
Sleep Driving
Angioedema
Considerations
Short Term Administration
Take Immediately Before Bedtime
1 min
Triazolam (Halcion)
Mechanism
Rapid-Onset Benzodiazepine
Indications
Insomnia
Side Effects
Rebound Insomnia
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Paradoxical Excitement
Amnesia
Confusion
Contraindications
Pregnancy
Considerations
Short-Term Administration
2 mins
Phenobarbital (Barbiturates)
Mechanism
Barbiturate
Indications
Seizures
Side Effects
Ataxia
Paradoxical Excitement
Fatigue/Drowsiness
Considerations
Monitor Plasma Levels
High Potential for Abuse
1 min
Trazodone
Indications
Insomnia
Depression
Mechanism of Action
Inhibit Serotonin Reuptake
Alpha-1 Blocker
Histamine (H1) Blocker
Side Effects
Sedation
Orthostatic Hypotension
Dry Mouth
Priapism
Arrhythmias
2 mins
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
1 min
Aspirin Poisoning (Salicylism) Assessment
Early Symptoms
Nausea and Vomiting
Tinnitus
Confusion
Hyperventilation
Respiratory Alkalosis
Late Symptoms
Metabolic Acidosis
Coma
Hyperthermia
1 min
Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic Acid)
Mechanism
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
NSAID
Indications
Thrombotic Event Prevention
General Pain
Inflammatory Conditions
Fever
Side Effects
Pancytopenia
GI Ulcers
Bleeding
Considerations
Withhold Before Surgery 7-10 Days
Reye's Syndrome
2 mins
Reye's Syndrome
Cause
Aspirin (Salicylates) to Treat Viral Illness (In Children)
Assessment
Cerebral Edema
Lethargy (Decreased LOC)
Vomiting
Liver Failure
Interventions
Monitor for Increased ICP
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Considerations
No Aspirin for Children
2 mins
Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Mechanisms
NSAID
COX Inhibitor
Indications
General Pain
Fever
Inflammatory Conditions
Side Effects
GI Ulcers
Nephrotoxicity
Rash
Considerations
Avoid with Alcohol
Risk of Thrombotic Event
2 mins
Acetaminophen
Indications
Fever
Pain
Mechanism of Action
Reversibly Inhibits COX
Acts Primarily in CNS
Side Effect
Hepatic Necrosis
N-acetylcysteine Antidote
51 secs
Acetaminophen Antidote
Antidote
N-Acetylcysteine
33 secs
Celecoxib
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Pain
Mechanism of Action
NSAID
Selectively Inhibits COX-2
Side Effects
Sulfa Allergy
Increased Risk of Thrombosis
GI Bleed
Contraindication
Pregnancy > 30 Weeks
1 min
Penicillin
Mechanism of Action
Weakens Cell Wall
Indications
Gram-Positive Infections
Prophylaxis
Side Effects
Pain at IM Injection Site
Allergic Reaction
Considerations
Skin Tests
Allergy ID
Medication Education
2 mins
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
Mechanism
Aminopenicillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillin
Indications
Gram-Positive and Some Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Rash
Diarrhea
Considerations
No Effect Against Staph Aureus
Often combined with Beta Lactamase Inhibitor
Allergic Reaction
2 mins
Cephalosporins
Starts with "Cef-"
Mechanism of Action
Bactericidal
Indications
Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Infections
Side Effects
Allergic Reactions
Thrombophlebitis
Bleeding
Contraindications
Renal Impairment
Considerations
Avoid IV Calcium with Ceftriaxone
No Alcohol
2 mins
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