Whole Blood Composition
Plasma Electrolytes And Other Solutes Proteins Albumin Fibrinogen Globulins Water Formed Elements Buffy Coat White Blood Cells (WBC) Platelets Red Blood Cells (RBC) Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding Low pH Reduces O2 Binding Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle Hexose Monophosphate Shunt (Pentose Phosphate Pathway)
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Converts Glucose-6-Phosphate to Ribulose-5-Phosphate Generates NADPH Reduces Glutathione Prevents Oxidative Damage Ribulose-5-Phosphate to Ribose-5-Phosphate Nucleotide Synthesis Beta Thalassemia
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia Mediterranean Populations Decreased Beta-Globin Increased HbA2 No Intervention Blood Transfusions Hemochromatosis Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray Electrophoresis Alpha Thalassemias
Alpha-Globin is on Chr. 16 Labs: ↑ Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, Retics, TBili Trait: 2 deleted genes Cis: Increased risk of sv. anemia in offspring | South Asians Trans: mild anemia | West Africa HbH Disease/Intermedia: 3 deleted genes 4 Beta-globin chains Heinz Bodies: Beta-globin Tetramers Hemolytic Anemia, Splenomegaly Hb Barts: 4 deleted genes 4 Gamma-globin chains Hydrops Fetalis
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia Point Mutation Autosomal Recessive African American Dehydration or Decreased O2 Newborns Asymptomatic Heterozygote Malarial Resistance Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
Crew-cut on Skull X-ray Auto-splenectomy Painful Crisis Aplastic Crisis Splenic-sequestration Crisis Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome Renal Papillary Necrosis Salmonella osteomyelitis Pulmonary Hypertension Hyposthenuria Kawasaki Disease
Prevalent in Asian Children Necrotizing Vasculitis Fever Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa Lymphadenopathy Desquamative Skin Rash Erythema and Edema of the Hands and Feet Conjunctivitis Coronary Aneurysm Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Aspirin Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
Children Preceded by Acute Diarrheal Illness Endothelial Damage Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia (MAHA) Thrombocytopenia Renal Failure Helmet cells LDH Dialysis Supportive Transfusion Reactions
Acute Hemolytic Febrile, Non-Hemolytic Mild Allergic Anaphylactic Circulatory Overload Sepsis Reaction Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI) Massive Blood Transfusion Yellow Fever Virus
Flavivirus RNA Virus Enveloped Icosahedral SS Positive Linear Transmitted By Aedes Mosquitos Monkey or Human Reservoir High fever Jaundice Black vomitus Dengue
RNA Virus Flavivirus SS Positive Linear Transmitted by Aedes Mosquito Tropical Regions Fever Arthralgias and Myalgias Maculopapular Rash Retro-orbital Pain Thrombocytopenia Petechiae Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage Hemorrhagic Shock Complete Blood Cell Count Antibody Testing Supportive Care Vaccination Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13 vWF Multimers are Not Degraded Microthrombi (and Emboli) FAT RN Pentad Fever Anemia Thrombocytopenia Renal Dysfunction Neurologic Abnormalities (Altered Mental status) Plasmapheresis Corticosteroids Splenectomy Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Following Infection or Vaccination Antiplatelet Antibodies Often Asymptomatic Bleeding Petechiae Thrombocytopenia Increased Megakaryocytes Corticosteroids Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Rituximab Splenectomy Von Willebrand Disease
Mixed platelet and coagulation disorder Autosomal Dominant Condition Leading to Reduced vWF Defect in platelet plug formation Increased Bleeding Time PTT increased Factor VIII decreased Normal platelet count DDAVP (synthetic vasopressin) Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Antiphospholipid Antibodies Hypercoagulability Recurrent Thromboembolisms Recurrent Miscarriages Anticardiolipin Antibodies Anti-Beta-2-Glycoprotein Antibodies Lupus Anticoagulant Anticoagulation Anemia Lab Values
Iron Deficiency Anemia Serum Iron Decreased Transferrin Increased Ferritin Decreased % Transferrin Saturation Decreased Pregnancy and OCP Use Serum Iron Normal Transferrin Increased Ferritin Normal % Transferrin Saturation Decreased Anemia of Chronic Disease Serum Iron Decreased Transferrin Decreased Ferritin Increased % Transferrin Saturation Decreased or Normal Hemochromatosis Serum Iron Increased Transferrin Decreased Ferritin Increased % Transferrin Saturation Increased Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
5-10 Days After Heparin Exposure Heparin-Platelet Factor 4 Complex Autoantibodies Form Against Complex Heparin-Platelet Factor 4-Antibody Complex Binds Platelets Platelet Aggregation Procoagulant Release Thrombocytopenia Serotonin Release Assay (SRA) Stop Heparin, Start Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Hantaan Virus (Hantavirus) (USD SSOM)
(-)ssRNA Virus Enveloped Bunyaviridae Family Rodents (Mice and Rats) Eastern Asia Hypotension Acute Shock Vascular Leakage Renal Failure Ribavirin Ebola Virus Symptoms
10 Day Incubation Flu-like Symptoms Impaired Blood Clotting Hematemesis and Hemoptysis Mucous Membrane Bleeding Skin Bruising Internal Hemorrhage View More
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