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Caroline Shared "Pharm Exam 2" - 50 Picmonics

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Pharm Exam 2

Benzodiazepines Overview
Indications
First Line for Status Epilepticus
Anesthesia Induction
Anxiety
Eclampsia
Detoxification
Mechanism of Action
'-zepam' and '-zolam" Suffix
Increase Frequency of Cl- Channel Opening
Side Effects
Decrease REM Sleep
CNS Depression
Dependence
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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2 mins
Benzodiazepine Intoxication Assessment
Drowsiness
Confusion
Respiratory Depression
Hypotension
Coma
Treatment
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
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2 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
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40 secs
Buspirone
Indications
Generalized Anxiety
Mechanism of Action
Releases Dopamine and NE
Stimulates 5-HT1A receptors
Side Effects
Low Side Effect Profile
Safer with Alcohol than Other Anxiolytics
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1 min
Nonbenzodiazepine Hypnotics
Indications
Insomnia
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
Acts on BZ1 GABA receptor
Less dependence
Drugs
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Side Effects
Ataxia, confusion
Antidote
Flumazenil for Overdose
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1 min
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Mechanism
Hypnotic
Indications
Insomnia
Side Effects
Daytime Drowsiness
Bizarre Sleep Behaviors
Sleep Driving
Angioedema
Considerations
Short Term Administration
Take Immediately Before Bedtime
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1 min
Opioids Overview
Indications
Pain
Weaning
Cough
Diarrhea
Mechanism of Action
Agonists at Mu (μ), Kappa (Κ), and Delta (δ) Receptors
Decrease Synaptic Transmission
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Addiction
Miosis
Constipation
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2 mins
Morphine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Pain
Myocardial Infarction
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
CNS Depression
Biliary Colic
Constipation
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pupillary Constriction
Hypotension
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2 mins
Meperidine (Demerol)
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Moderate to Severe Pain
Post Anesthesia Shivering
Side Effects
Tremors
Constipation
CNS Depression
Sedation
Considerations
Short Term Administration
Increased Risk Serotonin Syndrome
Does NOT cause Miosis
Renal Failure Increases Toxicity Risk
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2 mins
Codeine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Mild to Moderate Pain
Cough Suppressant
Side Effects
Sedation
Constipation
Miosis
Considerations
Close Monitoring When Breast Feeding
Often Combined with Non-Opioids
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2 mins
Opioid Antidote
Antidote
Naloxone
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29 secs
Naloxone (Narcan)
Mechanism
Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Opioid Induced CNS Depression
Side Effects
Severe Nausea and Vomiting
Excitable State
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Considerations
Repeated Dosing Often Required
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1 min
Phenytoin
Indications
Status Epilepticus
Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Na+ Channel Activation
Inhibition of Glutamate Release
Class IB Antiarrhythmic
Side Effects
Teratogenic
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Induce Cytochrome P450
Drug-induced Lupus
Neuropathy
Hirsutism
Gingival Hyperplasia
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1 min
CNS Stimulants
Indications
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Obesity
Mechanism of Action
Increase Catecholamines at Synaptic Cleft
Increase Norepinephrine
Increase Dopamine
Drug Names
Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Methamphetamine
Side Effect
Potential for Abuse
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57 secs
Theophylline
Indications
Asthma
Mechanism
Inhibits Phosphodiesterase
Increases cAMP
Side Effects
Cardiotoxicity
Neurotoxicity
Blocks Adenosine Action
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53 secs
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI) Overview
Indications
Depression
Anxiety
Mechanism of Action
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
Drugs
Paroxetine
Sertraline
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine
Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
Serotonin Syndrome
Treat with Cyproheptadine
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2 mins
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin
Indications
Depression
Side Effects
Sexual Dysfunction
CNS Stimulation
Weight Changes
Serotonin Syndrome
Contraindications
No MAO-Is
No Anticoagulants / Antiplatelets
Considerations
Suicide Risk
Delayed Onset of Action
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2 mins
Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
Indications
Depression
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Duloxetine
Panic and Anxiety
Venlafaxine
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Reuptake of Serotonin and NE
Side Effects
Hypertension
Insomnia
Nausea and Vomiting
Decreased Libido
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1 min
Bupropion
Indications
Depression
Smoking Cessation
Mechanism of Action
Increase Dopamine and NE
Side Effects
Stimulant Side Effects
Seizure
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1 min
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Overview
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Serotonin and NE Reuptake
Lipid-soluble
Side Effects
Adverse CNS Effects
Anticholinergic
Antihistamine
Tri-C: Convulsion, Coma, Cardiotoxicity
Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
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2 mins

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