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Decelerations (and Accelerations) Overview
VEAL CHOP
Variable Deceleration
Cord Compression
Early Deceleration
Head Compression
Acceleration
Okay
Late Deceleration
Placental Insufficiency
2 mins
Early Decelerations
Cause
Fetal Head Compression
Occurs During
Uterine Contractions
Placement of Internal Mode of Monitoring
Vaginal Examination
Fundal Pressure
Considerations
Normal Pattern
1 min
Induction of Labor
Indications
Premature Rupture of Membranes
Danger to Fetus or Mother
Prolonged Gestation
Contraindications
Placenta Abnormalities
Transverse Fetal Position
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Active Genital Herpes Infection
Transfundal Uterine Incision
Hemorrhage
3 mins
Late Decelerations
Cause
Uteroplacental Insufficiency
Occurs During
Disruption of Oxygen Transfer to Fetus
Considerations
Abnormal Pattern
Interventions
Discontinue Oxytocin
Oxygen with Non-Rebreather (8-10 L/min)
Side-lying Position
Elevate Legs
Increase Rate of IV Solution
2 mins
Mechanism of Labor
Engagement
Descent
Flexion
Internal Rotation
Extension
External Rotation (Restitution)
Expulsion of Infant
2 mins
True vs. False Labor
Bloody Show
True Labor
Regular, Strong Contractions
Progressive Effacement and Dilation
Engagement of Presenting Part
False Labor
Irregular Contractions
Cervix Soft
No Engagement of Presenting Part
2 mins
Variable Decelerations
Mechanism
Umbilical Cord Compression
Occurs During
Abnormal Cord Position
Considerations
Transition Phase
Interventions
Oxygen with Non-Rebreather (8-10 L/min)
Change Maternal Position
Discontinue Oxytocin
2 mins
Postpartum Hemorrhage
Mechanism
Uterine Atony
Lacerations
Retained Placenta
Signs and Symptoms
Bleeding
Hypotension
Boggy Uterus
Considerations
Oxytocin
Bimanual Compression of Uterus
Surgery
Blood Transfusion
2 mins
Postpartum Infection
Diagnosis
Fever > 100.4F After 24 Hours (38 C)
Risk Factors
Multiple Vaginal Examinations
Vaginal Trauma
Prolonged Rupture of Membranes
Cesarean Birth
Anemia of Pregnancy
Retained Placental Fragments
Poor Health Status
3 mins
Postpartum Nursing Assessment
BUBBLE - LE
Breasts
Uterus
Bladder
Bowels
Lochia
Episiotomy (Laceration)
Lower Extremities
Emotions
3 mins
Abruptio Placentae
Mechanism
Premature Separation of Placenta
Assessment
Tearing Pain
Bleeding (Often Concealed)
Rigid Uterus
Contractions
Interventions
Corticosteroids as Needed
Emergent Delivery
Considerations
Increased Risks for Neonate
Rh (Rhesus) Incompatibilities
Increased Risk for Shock
Monitor Fetal Heart Rate
3 mins
Chorioamnionitis
Fever
Maternal or fetal tachycardia
Leukocytosis
Foul Odor to Amniotic Fluid
Treatment: Antibiotics
Monitor uterine tenderness, contractions and fetal activity
Monitor maternal vital signs & FHR
2 mins
Eclampsia
Mechanism of Action
Increased Central Nervous System Irritability
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperreflexia
Positive Ankle Clonus
Headaches
Visual Disturbances
Epigastric or RUQ Pain
Seizures
Coma
Considerations
Don't Leave Bedside
Magnesium Sulfate
2 mins
Ectopic Pregnancy
Signs and Symptoms
Lower Abdominal Pain
Delayed Menses
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding
Shock
Referred Shoulder Pain
Cullen Sign
Considerations
Methotrexate
Surgery
RhoGAM
2 mins
Incompetent Cervix
Mechanism
Premature Cervical Dilation
Assessment
Recurring Miscarriage
Short Cervix
Considerations
Cervical Cerclage
Rest
Labor
1 min
Placenta Previa
Mechanism
Placenta Covers Cervical Os
Assessment
Painless
Bright Red Vaginal Bleeding
Interventions
Stable Fetus
Bed Rest
Observation
Unstable Fetus
C-section Delivery
Considerations
Risk for Shock
Magnesium Sulfate
Tocolysis
3 mins
Preeclampsia Assessment
After 20 Weeks of Pregnancy
Mild
Hypertension > 140/90
Proteinuria or End-Organ Dysfunction
Severe
Hypertension > 160/110
Progressive Renal Insufficiency
Vision Changes
HELLP Syndrome
Pulmonary Edema
2 mins
Preeclampsia Interventions
Side Lying Position and Bedrest
Antihypertensives
Magnesium Sulfate
Labor Induction
1 min
Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
Mechanism
Cord Prolapses
Signs and Symptoms
Visualization of Cord
Prolonged or Variable Decelerations
Considerations
Hips Elevated
Insert 2 fingers in Vagina
Saline Towel on Cord
Oxygen
2 mins
RhoGam [Rho(D) Immune Globulin]
Indications
Antepartum Prevention at 28 weeks
Suppress Antibody Production
Mechanism of Action
Lysis of Fetal RBC in Maternal Bloodstream
Side Effects
Myalgia and Lethargy
Considerations
Negative Coombs Test
Standard Dose 300 mcg
Microdose 50 mcg
Blood Product
2 mins
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