Lindsey Shared "NUR114 Unit 2" - 69 Picmonics
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NUR114 Unit 2
Cholesterol Lab Values
- LDL (Low Density Cholesterol)
- < 100 mg/dL
- HDL (High Density Cholesterol)
- > 40 mg/dL Males
- > 50 mg/dL Females
- Total Cholesterol
- < 200 mg/dL
1 min
Statins
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Hepatotoxicity
- HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
- Decrease LDL
- Decrease Triglycerides
- Increase HDL
2 mins
Fibrates
- Indications
- Hyperlipidemia
- Mechanism of Action
- Upregulate LPL
- Decreases Triglycerides
- Slight Increase in HDL
- Slight Decrease in LDL
- Side Effect
- Hepatotoxicity
- Cholesterol Gallstones
1 min
Arteriosclerosis
- Arteriolosclerosis
- Small & Medium-sized Arteries
- Endothelial Damage
- Hypertrophy of Smooth Muscle Cell Matrix
- Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
- Diabetic Angiopathy
- Hyperglycemic Injury
- Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
- Malignant Hypertension
- Laminated Onion-skin Arteriolar Thickening
- Duplicated Basement Membrane
- Fibrin Deposition (Fibrinoid Necrosis)
- Necrotizing Arteriolitis
- Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
- Monckeberg Medial Sclerosis
- Medial Calcifications in Muscular Arteries
- Greater Than 50 Years Old
- Subclinical (non-obstructive)
- Atherosclerosis
- Atherosclerosis
- Medium & Large Arteries
- Intimal Lesion
- Elastic and Muscular Arteries
Atherosclerosis
- Very common. Disease of elastic arteries and large- and medium-sized muscular arteries.
- A form of arteriosclerosis caused by buildup of cholesterol plaques
- Progression is in separate picmonic
- LOCATION
- Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery
- RISK FACTORS
- Modifiable: smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia (Increased LDL), diabetes.
- Nonmodifiable: age, sex (Increased risk in men and postmenopausal women), family history.
- SYMPTOMS
- Angina
- Claudication
- Can be asymptomatic
- COMPLICATIONS
- Aneurysms
- Ischemia
- Infarcts
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Thrombus
- Emboli
Artherosclerosis Risk Factors
- Major Risk Factors
- Unhealthy blood cholesterol levels
- High Blood Pressure Response
- Smoking
- Insulin Resistance
- Diabetes
- Age
- Family history.
- Other Risk Factors
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
- Stress
- Alcohol
Primary Hypertension Risk Factors
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption
- High Sodium Diet
- Dyslipidemia
- Obesity
- People of African Descent
- Advanced Age
- Vitamin D Deficiency
- Reduced Nephron Number
- Diabetes
- Lack of Physical Activity
2 mins
Hypertension Medications
- Diuretics
- ACE Inhibitors
- Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Beta Blockers
- Dihydropyridine Calcium Channel Blockers
2 mins
Hypertension Assessment
- Mechanism
- Essential Hypertension
- Secondary Hypertension
- Assessment
- Headache
- Vision Changes
- Nosebleed (Epistaxis)
- Chest Pain
- Syncope (Fainting)
- Diagnosis
- Average 2 Sets, 2 Minutes Apart
- After 2 or More Visits (within 1-4 weeks)
- Nursing Considerations
- Take BP Both Arms
- Common in African Americans
2 mins
Hypertension Intervention
- Lifestyle Modifications
- Weight Reduction and Exercise
- Diet Changes
- Relaxation Techniques
- Smoking Cessation
- Medications
- Encourage Self Monitoring
1 min
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
- Ends in "-sartan"
- Mechanism of Action
- Blocks Angiotensin II Receptor
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Side Effects
- Angioedema
- Contraindications
- Renal Artery Stenosis
- Pregnancy
1 min
Alpha Agonists
- -RINE suffix
- Norepinephrine
- Hypotension
- Phenylephrine
- Hypotension
- Congestion
- Ephedrine
- Congestion
- Urinary Incontinence
- Hypotension
- Epinephrine
- Anaphylaxis and Asthma
- Hypotension
1 min
Prazosin (Minipress)
- -osin suffix
- Mechanisms
- Selective Alpha-1 Receptor Blocker
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
- Nightmares
- Side Effects
- Orthostatic Hypotension
- Tachycardia
- Priapism / Inhibition of Ejaculation
- Nasal Congestion
- Considerations
- First Dose Effect
- Administer at Bedtime
2 mins
Beta Blockers
- "-olol" suffix
- Mechanism
- Decreases Heart Rate and Contractility
- Decreases Peripheral Vascular Resistance
- Decreases Renin Release
- Indications
- Hypertension
- Heart Failure
- Angina Pectoris
- Contraindications
- Asthma and Heart Block Patients
- Nursing Considerations
- Assess Blood Pressure and Heart Rate
- Masking Signs of Hypoglycemia
- Do Not Stop Abruptly
2 mins
Cardiovascular Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Cardiac Myocytes and Vasculature
- Decrease cAMP
- Decreases SA and AV Node Conduction Velocity
- Lower Blood Pressure
- Decrease O2 Consumption
- Decreases Mortality Post-MI
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
- Respiratory
- Bronchoconstriction
- Metabolic
- Decreased Insulin
- Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
- Eye
- Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Clonidine
- Mechanism of Action
- Alpha-2 Agonist
- Indication
- Hypertensive Urgency
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
- Tourette Syndrome
- Opioid Withdrawal
- Side Effects
- CNS Depression
- Respiratory Depression
- Hypotension
- Considerations
- Rebound Hypertension if Abrupt Cessation
2 mins
HTN Emergency Meds
- Nitroprusside
- Fenoldopam (D1 Agonist = increases Renal Perfusion)
- Labetalol (hybdrid carved in Lab = mixed alpha and beta antagonist)
- Nicardipine = CCB
- Clevidipine (Another CCB)
Angina & Treatment (USD SSOM)
- Types
- Typical Angina
- Variant Angina
- Microvascular Angina
- Medications
- Nitrates
- Beta Blockers
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Ranolazine
- Ivabradine
7 mins
Drugs to treat Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Pentoxifylline(Trental TM)
- Form of pentoxifylline
- side effects of pentoxifylline
- Drug interactions of Pentoxifylline
- Cilostazol (Pletal TM)
- form of Cilostazol
- decreases Cilostazol effectiveness
- common Side effects of Cilostazol
- serious Side effects of Cilostazol
- vorapaxar
- newer platelet aggregation inhibitor
- Antihypertensive vasodilating classes used to treat spasticity of vessels
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Alpha blockers
- Direct vasodilators
- Ace Inhibitors
- patient education related to the prevention/treatment of Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Keep extremities warm
- Don't stand or sit in dependant position for long periods of time
- control blood pressure
- stopping smoking
- begin daily exercise
- reduce intake of saturated fats
2 mins
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