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3/7-3/13 Micro
Pox Virus
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double-Stranded DNA
Linear
Non-Icosahedral
Signs and Symptoms
Smallpox
Cowpox
Molluscum Contagiosum
Umbilicated Flesh-Colored Domed Lesions
1 min
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Characteristics
Cocci
Gram-Positive
Catalase-Positive
Urease-Positive
Coagulase-Negative
Novobiocin-Sensitive
Component of Normal Skin Flora
Infects Prosthetic Devices and IV Catheters
Contaminates Blood Cultures
Produces Adherent Biofilms
2 mins
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Diplococci
Lancet-Shaped
Catalase-Negative
Optochin-Sensitive
Bile Soluble
Alpha-Hemolytic
Polysaccharide Capsule
Positive Quellung Reaction
IgA Protease
1 min
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Disease
Signs and Symptoms
Sickle Cell Anemia
Sepsis in Patients with Splenectomy
Rusty Sputum
MOPS
Meningitis
Otitis Media
Pneumonia
Sinusitis
2 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Characteristics
Characteristics
Gram Negative
Diplococci
Chocolate Agar
Thayer-Martin Media
VPN
Oxidase Positive
Glucose Fermenting
Pilus
Opa Surface Protein
Rapid Antigenic Variation
IgA Protease
2 mins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae Disease
Signs & Symptoms
Dysuria
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis Syndrome
Neonatal Conjunctivitis
Pharyngitis
Septic Arthritis
Tenosynovitis
Pustules On Hands And Feet
Treatment
Ceftriaxone
Azithromycin
Doxycycline
Considerations
C5-9 Complement Deficiency (Recurrent Infections)
2 mins
Enterococci
Characteristics
Gram-Positive Cocci
Catalase Negative
6.5% NaCl
Grows in Bile
Normal Colonic Flora
Signs and Symptoms
Urinary Tract Infection
Subacute Endocarditis
Penicillin Resistant
VRE (Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci)
2 mins
Entamoeba histolytica
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Amebiasis
Ingestion of Cysts in Food and Water
Signs and Symptoms
Bloody Diarrhea
Flask-Shaped Ulcer
Liver Abscess
Anchovy Paste
RUQ Pain
Diagnosis
RBCs in Cytoplasm of Trophozoite
Cyst With Four Nuclei
Treatment
Metronidazole
Iodoquinol
3 mins
Paramyxovirus
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
Helical
SS Negative Linear
Nonsegmented
Surface Fusion Protein Causes Multinucleated Cells
Presentation
Measles
Mumps
Bronchiolitis in Babies
Viruses
Parainfluenza
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
2 mins
Parainfluenza Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Croup
Barking Seal Cough
Inspiratory Stridor
Steeple Sign
2 mins
Giardia lamblia
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Cysts
Seen in Campers
Daycare Centers
Mental Hospitals
Infects Small Intestine
Signs and Symptoms
Bloating
Flatulence
Fatty Diarrhea
Diagnosis
Crescent-shaped Protozoa Adjacent to Epithelial Brush Border
Predisposed if Low IgA
Treatment
Metronidazole
3 mins
Cryptosporidium
Characteristics
Protozoa
Ingestion of Oocysts in Food or Water
Acid Fast Cysts
Signs and Symptoms
Outbreaks of Diarrhea from Contaminated Water Supply
Mild Disease in Non-immunocompromised
Severe Diarrhea in AIDS
Treatment
Nitazoxanide for Immunocompetent
2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Assessment
Mechanism
Viral Infection Affecting Epithelial Cells
Signs and Symptoms
Begins After a Upper Respiratory Infection
Copious Secretions
Coughing and Sneezing
Wheezing
Otitis Media or Conjunctivitis (Possible Ear or Eye Drainage)
Poor Feeding
Tachypnea
2 mins
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Interventions
Prophylaxis
Palivizumab (Synagis)
Management
Hospitalization
Contact Precautions
Oxygen
Separate Room
Maintain Fluid Intake
Short-acting Beta-Agonist Bronchodilator
2 mins
Mumps Virus
Characteristics
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Parotitis
Increased Serum Amylase
Orchitis
Oophoritis
Aseptic Meningitis
Pancreatitis
59 secs
Mumps (Parotitis)
Mechanism
Paramyxovirus
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Headache
Earache
Orchitis
Pain and Swelling of Parotid Glands
Considerations
MMR Vaccination
1 min
Rabies Virus
Characteristics
Enveloped
RNA Virus
SS Negative Linear
Helical
Bullet-Shaped Envelope
Binds to Acetylcholine Receptor
Retrograde Fashion
Migrates to Saliva
Diagnosis
Negri Bodies
Cytoplasmic Inclusions in Neurons
Purkinje Cells of Cerebellum
2 mins
Rabies Symptoms and Animals
Characteristics
Bats, Skunks, and Raccoons (Inside United States)
Dog Bites (Outside United States)
Fever
Agitation
Paralysis
Hydrophobia
Photophobia
Considerations
Fatal If Not Treated
1 min
Leishmania donovani
Pathophysiology
Protozoan
Visceral Leishmaniasis
Hepatosplenomegaly
Spiking Fevers
Skin Pigmentation
Sandfly
Diagnosis
Macrophages with Amastigotes
Treatment
Amphotericin B
Oral Miltefosine
2 mins
Trypanosoma cruzi
Pathophysiology
Protozoa
Triatomine Bug
Kissing bug
Painless bite
Predominantly in South America
Symptoms
Chagas disease
Romana's sign
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Megacolon
Megaesophagus
Diagnosis
Blood smear
Treatment
Nifurtimox
Benznidazole
2 mins
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