Pulmonary Embolism Assessment
Shortness of Breath (SOB) Pleuritic Chest Pain Tachypnea Hemoptysis Hypoxemia Sudden Death Pulmonary Embolism Causes
FAT BAT Mnemonic Fat Air Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Bacteria Amniotic Fluid Tumor Hypercoagulable Central Venous Lines Immobilized Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Restlessness Dyspnea Refractory Hypoxemia Decreased PaO2 Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates Atelectasis Pulmonary Hypertension Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
Closely Monitor Patient ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases) Oxygen Assess for O2 Toxicity Mechanical Ventilation PEEP Assess for Pneumothorax Permissive Hypercapnia High Mortality Rate Influenza
High Fever Cough Headache Muscle Aches Chills Vaccination Zanamivir (Relenza) Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) Influenza Virus
RNA Virus Orthomyxovirus Enveloped Negative Sense 8 Segments Helical Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry Neuraminidase for Virion Release Genetic Shift Reassortment of genome to cause major change Genetic Drift Minor Antigenic Mutations Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use Guillain-Barre Syndrome Lung Cancer Assessment
2nd Most Common Cancer Chronic Cough Hoarseness Abnormal Breath Sounds Hemoptysis Chest Pain Anorexia or Weight Loss Symptoms Appear Late in Disease Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
Most Common Lung Cancer Most Common in Nonsmokers Peripheral Location KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations Glandular Pattern Often Stains with Mucin Presents with Hemoptysis Clubbing Surgical Resection Chemotherapy and Radiation Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
Aggressively Malignant Strong Correlation with Smoking Central Location Amplification of Myc Oncogenes Narrowing of Bronchial Airways Cushing's Syndrome Ectopic ACTH Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Lambert-Eaton Syndrome Kulchitsky Cells Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive Chromogranin A Positive Chemotherapy and Radiation Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
Strong Correlation with Smoking More Common in Men Central Location Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum PTHrP Causes Hypercalcemia Keratin Pearls Intercellular Bridges Surgical Resection (if Early Stage) Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage) Flail Chest
Trauma Shallow Respirations Chest Pain Paradoxical Chest Movement Mechanical Ventilation Analgesics Intercostal Nerve Blocks Surgical Rib Fixation Monitor Pulmonary Contusion Pneumothorax
Air Enters Pleural Space Sudden Dyspnea Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds on Affected Side Chest Pain Tracheal Deviation Vital Sign Changes Crepitus High Fowler's Position With Oxygen Prepare For Chest Tube Placement Educate High Risk Patients Chest Tubes: Management and Care
Confirm suction order Crepitus Kinking Shortness of Breath (SOB) Infection Excessive bubbling If tube dislodges from patient, use petroleum gauze taped 3 ways If drainage system is damaged, place disconnected drainage tube in sterile water Glasgow Coma Scale
LOC Assessment Score of 3 to 15 8 or Less = Coma Eye Opening Verbal Response Motor Response Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
Conscious Confused Delirious Somnolent Obtunded Stuporous Comatose Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
Change in LOC Headache Cushings Triad Irregular Respirations Widening Pulse Pressure Bradycardia Projectile Vomiting Abnormal Pupils Papilledema Posturing Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
Elevate Head Of Bed Foley Catheter Mannitol (Osmitrol) High Dose Barbiturates Passive Hyperventilation Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection) Neuro Assessment Maintain Normal Temperature Avoid Activities That Increase ICP Intracranial Monitoring System Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Change in LOC Personality Changes Amnesia Increased Intracranial Pressure Diplopia Posturing Basilar Skull Fracture Halo or Ring Sign Intracranial Bleeding Lumbar Puncture
CSF Sample CSF Pressure Empty Bladder Side-lying Position Between 3rd and 4th Lumbar Vertebrae Number Tubes Supine Position After Procedure Increased ICP (Intracranial Pressure) Infection at Puncture Site Types of Head Injuries
Open Head Injury Linear Fracture Comminuted Fracture Depressed Fracture Open Fracture Basilar Skull Fracture Closed Head Injury Coup and Contrecoup Brain Contusion Concussion View More
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