Stephanie Shared "AMS Exam 2" - 44 Picmonics
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AMS Exam 2
Pulmonary Embolism Assessment
- Assessment
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Tachypnea
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Considerations
- Sudden Death
52 secs
Pulmonary Embolism Causes
- Causes
- FAT BAT Mnemonic
- Fat
- Air
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Bacteria
- Amniotic Fluid
- Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Hypercoagulable
- Central Venous Lines
- Immobilized
1 min
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Assessment
- Cause
- Damaged Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
- Assessment
- Restlessness
- Dyspnea
- Refractory Hypoxemia
- Decreased PaO2
- Diffuse Pulmonary Infiltrates
- Atelectasis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
2 mins
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
- Interventions
- Closely Monitor Patient
- ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases)
- Oxygen
- Assess for O2 Toxicity
- Mechanical Ventilation
- PEEP
- Assess for Pneumothorax
- Permissive Hypercapnia
- Considerations
- High Mortality Rate
2 mins
Influenza
- Assessment
- High Fever
- Cough
- Headache
- Muscle Aches
- Chills
- Intervention
- Vaccination
- Drug Therapy
- Zanamivir (Relenza)
- Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
2 mins
Influenza Virus
- Characteristics
- RNA Virus
- Orthomyxovirus
- Enveloped
- Negative Sense
- 8 Segments
- Helical
- Hemagglutinin for Viral Entry
- Neuraminidase for Virion Release
- Genetic Shift
- Reassortment of genome to cause major change
- Genetic Drift
- Minor Antigenic Mutations
- Considerations
- Reye Syndrome with Aspirin Use
- Guillain-Barre Syndrome
3 mins
Lung Cancer Assessment
- 2nd Most Common Cancer
- Assessment
- Chronic Cough
- Hoarseness
- Abnormal Breath Sounds
- Hemoptysis
- Chest Pain
- Anorexia or Weight Loss
- Considerations
- Symptoms Appear Late in Disease
2 mins
Adenocarcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Most Common Lung Cancer
- Most Common in Nonsmokers
- Peripheral Location
- KRAS, EGFR, and ALK Mutations
- Diagnosis
- Glandular Pattern
- Often Stains with Mucin
- Clinical Features
- Presents with Hemoptysis
- Clubbing
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
2 mins
Small Cell (Oat Cell) Carcinoma
- Characteristics
- Aggressively Malignant
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- Central Location
- Amplification of Myc Oncogenes
- Signs and Symptoms
- Narrowing of Bronchial Airways
- Cushing's Syndrome
- Ectopic ACTH
- Syndrome Of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Diagnosis
- Kulchitsky Cells
- Neuron-Specific Enolase Positive
- Chromogranin A Positive
- Treatment
- Chemotherapy and Radiation
3 mins
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung
- Characteristics
- Strong Correlation with Smoking
- More Common in Men
- Central Location
- Cavitating Lesion Extending to Hilum
- PTHrP Causes Hypercalcemia
- Diagnosis
- Keratin Pearls
- Intercellular Bridges
- Treatment
- Surgical Resection (if Early Stage)
- Chemotherapy and Radiation (if Later Stage)
2 mins
Flail Chest
- Cause/Mechanism
- Trauma
- Assessment
- Shallow Respirations
- Chest Pain
- Paradoxical Chest Movement
- Interventions
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Analgesics
- Intercostal Nerve Blocks
- Considerations
- Surgical Rib Fixation
- Monitor Pulmonary Contusion
2 mins
Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space
- Assessment
- Sudden Dyspnea
- Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side
- Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds on Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tracheal Deviation
- Vital Sign Changes
- Crepitus
- Considerations
- High Fowler's Position With Oxygen
- Prepare For Chest Tube Placement
- Educate High Risk Patients
2 mins
Chest Tubes: Management and Care
- Confirm suction order
- Assessment
- Crepitus
- Kinking
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Infection
- Excessive bubbling
- Quick Interventions
- If tube dislodges from patient, use petroleum gauze taped 3 ways
- If drainage system is damaged, place disconnected drainage tube in sterile water
1 min
Glasgow Coma Scale
- LOC Assessment
- Score of 3 to 15
- 8 or Less = Coma
- Eye Opening
- Verbal Response
- Motor Response
1 min
Level of Consciousness: Descriptive guide for Glasgow Coma Scale
- Conscious
- Confused
- Delirious
- Somnolent
- Obtunded
- Stuporous
- Comatose
3 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Headache
- Cushings Triad
- Irregular Respirations
- Widening Pulse Pressure
- Bradycardia
- Projectile Vomiting
- Abnormal Pupils
- Papilledema
- Posturing
2 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Interventions
- Interventions
- Elevate Head Of Bed
- Foley Catheter
- Mannitol (Osmitrol)
- High Dose Barbiturates
- Passive Hyperventilation
- Dexamethasone (Neoplasm or Infection)
- Considerations
- Neuro Assessment
- Maintain Normal Temperature
- Avoid Activities That Increase ICP
- Intracranial Monitoring System
2 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
- Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Personality Changes
- Amnesia
- Increased Intracranial Pressure
- Diplopia
- Posturing
- Location of Injury
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Halo or Ring Sign
- Considerations
- Intracranial Bleeding
2 mins
Lumbar Puncture
- Indications
- CSF Sample
- CSF Pressure
- Considerations
- Empty Bladder
- Side-lying Position
- Between 3rd and 4th Lumbar Vertebrae
- Number Tubes
- Supine Position After Procedure
- Contraindications
- Increased ICP (Intracranial Pressure)
- Infection at Puncture Site
2 mins
Types of Head Injuries
- Open Head Injury
- Linear Fracture
- Comminuted Fracture
- Depressed Fracture
- Open Fracture
- Basilar Skull Fracture
- Closed Head Injury
- Coup and Contrecoup
- Brain Contusion
- Concussion
2 mins
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