Peter Shared "Blood Heme" - 206 Picmonics
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Blood Heme
Hemoglobin
- Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
- Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
- High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
- High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
- High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
- Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
- Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
2 mins
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Defect in Pyruvate Kinase
- Decreased ATP
- Extravascular Hemolysis
- Presentation / Symptoms
- Hemolytic Anemia in a Newborn
- Diagnosis
- RBC Enzyme Assay
- Echinocytes
- Burr Cells
- Small Uniform Projections
- Normocytic Anemia
2 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Disease
- Northern Europeans
- Mechanisms
- Autosomal Dominant
- Spectrin/Ankyrin Deficiency
- Spherocyte Formation
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Symptoms
- Bilirubin Gallstones
- Jaundice
- Splenomegaly
3 mins
Hereditary Spherocytosis Diagnosis & Treatment
- Labs
- Increased MCHC
- Spherocytes
- Normocytic Anemia
- Diagnosis
- Eosin-5-Maleimide (EMA) Binding Test
- Osmotic Fragility Test
- Glycerol Lysis Test
- Treatment
- Folic Acid
- Splenectomy
2 mins
G6PD Mechanism
- Turns NADP+ to NADPH
- NADPH Used by Glutathione Reductase
- Detoxifies Free Radicals and Peroxides
- X-linked Recessive
2 mins
G6PD Deficiency
- X-linked Recessive
- Hemolytic Anemia
- Inflammatory Response
- Fava Beans
- Sulfonamides
- Primaquine
- Anti TB Drugs
- Heinz Bodies
- Bite Cells
- Prevalent Among African Americans due to Increased Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Alpha Thalassemias
- Alpha-Globin is on Chr. 16
- Labs: ↑ Iron, Ferritin, Transferrin, Retics, TBili
- Trait: 2 deleted genes
- Cis: Increased risk of sv. anemia in offspring | South Asians
- Trans: mild anemia | West Africa
- HbH Disease/Intermedia: 3 deleted genes
- 4 Beta-globin chains
- Heinz Bodies: Beta-globin Tetramers
- Hemolytic Anemia, Splenomegaly
- Hb Barts: 4 deleted genes
- 4 Gamma-globin chains
- Hydrops Fetalis
Beta Thalassemia
- Mechanism
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Mediterranean Populations
- Decreased Beta-Globin
- Beta-Thalassemia Minor
- Increased HbA2
- No Intervention
- Beta-thalassemia Major
- Blood Transfusions
- Hemochromatosis
- Crew-cut on Skull X-Ray
- Diagnosis
- Electrophoresis
2 mins
Anemia Lab Values
- Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Serum Iron Decreased
- Transferrin Increased
- Ferritin Decreased
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased
- Pregnancy and OCP Use
- Serum Iron Normal
- Transferrin Increased
- Ferritin Normal
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased
- Anemia of Chronic Disease
- Serum Iron Decreased
- Transferrin Decreased
- Ferritin Increased
- % Transferrin Saturation Decreased or Normal
- Hemochromatosis
- Serum Iron Increased
- Transferrin Decreased
- Ferritin Increased
- % Transferrin Saturation Increased
3 mins
Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia Causes
- Intrinsic Hemolytic
- Hereditary Spherocytosis
- RBC Enzyme Deficiency
- Hemoglobin C Defect
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Sickle Cell Anemia
- Extrinsic Hemolytic
- Autoimmune
- Microangiopathic
- Mechanical Destruction
- Prosthetic Cardiac Valves
- Infection
- Snake Venom
2 mins
Normocytic Nonhemolytic Anemia Causes
- MCV 80-100
- Nonhemolytic
- Anemia of Chronic Disease/Inflammation
- Aplastic Anemia
- Chronic Kidney Disease
- Early Iron Deficiency
1 min
Macrocytic Anemia Causes
- MCV > 100
- Megaloblastic
- B12 Deficiency
- Folate Deficiency
- Orotic Aciduria
- Non Megaloblastic
- Alcoholism
- Liver Disease
- Reticulocytosis
2 mins
Microcytic Anemia Causes
- MCV < 80
- Causes
- Thalassemias
- Chronic Disease or Illness
- Lead Toxicity
- Late Iron Deficiency
- Sideroblastic Anemia
1 min
Sideroblastic Anemia
- Sideroblastic anemia
- Defect in Heme Synthesis
- X-linked defent in delta-ALA synthase gene
- Decreased TIBC
- Increased ferritin
- Ringed sideroblasts
- Basophilic stippling
- C
- Caused by Vitamin B6 deficiency
- Caused by Copper deficiency
- Isoniazid
- Treat with pyridoxine
Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemias
- DIC
- TTP
- HUS
- HELLP Syndrome
Iron Deficiency Anemia
- Causes
- Malnutrition/Malabsorption
- Hemorrhage
- Signs
- Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
- Decreased Heme Synthesis
- Labs
- Decreased Reticulocytes
- Decreased Ferritin
- Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
- Poikilocytosis
- Anisocytosis
- Increased Central Pallor
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Mechanism)
- Intrinsic Normocytic Hemolytic Anemia
- Point Mutation
- Autosomal Recessive
- African American
- Dehydration or Decreased O2
- Newborns Asymptomatic
- Heterozygote Malarial Resistance
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Signs and Complications)
- Signs
- Crew-cut on Skull X-ray
- Complications
- Auto-splenectomy
- Painful Crisis
- Aplastic Crisis
- Splenic-sequestration Crisis
- Hyper-hemolytic Syndrome
- Renal Papillary Necrosis
- Salmonella osteomyelitis
- Pulmonary Hypertension
- Hyposthenuria
2 mins
Sickle Cell Anemia (Management)
- Long Term Treatment
- Hydroxyurea
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Folate
- Acute Treatment
- Exchange Transfusion
- Prophylaxis
- Penicillin Prophylaxis
1 min
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Pyridoxal Phosphate
- Mechanism
- Transamination
- Decarboxylation
- Glycogen Phosphorylase
- Cystathionine Synthase
- Functions
- Heme Synthesis
- Niacin Synthesis
- Neurotransmitter Synthesis
2 mins
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