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Adam Shared "First Aid USMLE 2016" - 1014 Picmonics

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First Aid USMLE 2016

Niemann-Pick Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Recessive
Sphingomyelinase Deficiency
More Common in Ashkenazi Jewish Population
Signs and Symptoms
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Hepatosplenomegaly
Neurodegeneration
Diagnosis
Foam Cells
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1 min
Warfarin Antidotes
Antidotes
Vitamin K
Fresh Frozen Plasma
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59 secs
Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss Syndrome)
Pathophysiology
Granulomatous Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Sinusitis
Skin Lesions
Peripheral Neuropathy
Asthma
GI Disease
Heart Disease
Kidney Failure
Diagnosis
Eosinophilia
p-ANCA
Treatment
Corticosteroids
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4 mins
Benzodiazepine Antidote
Antidote
Flumazenil
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40 secs
Kawasaki Disease
Pathophysiology
Prevalent in Asian Children
Necrotizing Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Fever
Strawberry-Red Tongue and Mucosa
Lymphadenopathy
Desquamative Skin Rash
Erythema and Edema of the Hands and Feet
Conjunctivitis
Coronary Aneurysm
Treatment
Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)
Aspirin
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2 mins
Fabry's Disease
Pathophysiology
X-linked Recessive
Alpha-galactosidase A Deficiency
Increased Ceramide trihexoside
Early Signs and Symptoms
Decreased Sweating (Hypohidrosis)
Angiokeratoma
Episodic Peripheral Neuropathy
Late Signs and Symptoms
Cardiovascular Disease
Renal Failure
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1 min
Isoniazid
Indications
Tuberculosis (TB)
Mechanism of Action
Requires Catalase Peroxidase
Decreases Mycolic Acid Synthesis
Fast vs Slow Acetylators
Side Effects
B6 Deficiency
Neurotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
Drug-induced Lupus
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1 min
Haemophilus ducreyi
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Coccobacillus
Pleomorphic
Parallel Short Chains
School of Fish Appearance on Gram Stain
Signs and Symptoms
Chancroid
Painful Genital Ulcer
Buboes
Treatment
Azithromycin
Ceftriaxone
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2 mins
Bacteroides Fragilis
Characteristics
Gram-Negative
Anaerobe
Normal Colonic Flora
Produces Vitamin K
Produces Gas in Tissue
Foul-Smelling
Signs and Symptoms
Gastrointestinal Abscess
Treatment
Penicillin-Resistant
Clindamycin
Metronidazole
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2 mins
Fragile X
Pathophysiology
Trinucleotide Repeat
CGG Repeats
FMR1 Gene
X-linked Dominant
Signs and Symptoms
Developmental Delay
Autism
Large Ears
Large Jaw
Long Face
Macroorchidism
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2 mins
Friedreich's Ataxia
Trinucleotide Repeat
GAA Repeat
Frataxin
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Autosomal Recessive
Hammertoes
High Arches
Kyphoscoliosis
Lateral Corticospinal Tract
Posterior Column
Spinocerebellar Tract
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
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1 min
Huntington's Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CAG Repeats
Chromosome 4
Anticipation
Caudate
Decrease of ACh
Decrease of GABA
Signs and Symptoms
Chorea
Dementia
Depression
Glutamate Toxicity
Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
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3 mins
P450 Inhibitors
Quinidine
Ciprofloxacin
Isoniazid
Grapefruit Juice
Acute Alcohol Use
Erythromycin (Macrolide)
Indinavir
Cimetidine
Sulfonamides
Ketoconazole
Amiodarone
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2 mins
P450 Inducer
Griseofulvin
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Rifampin
Barbiturates
Chronic Alcohol Use
St. John's Wort
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51 secs
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Pathophysiology
Necrotizing Small Vessel Vasculitis
Signs and Symptoms
Lungs, Kidneys, and Skin Commonly Affected
Palpable Purpura
Rapidly Progressive Cresentic Glomerulonephritis
Diagnosis
Lesions are Same Age
Non-granulomatous
Minimal Nasopharyngeal Involvement
P-ANCA
Treatment
Corticosteroids
Cyclophosphamide
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2 mins
Temporal Arteritis
Giant Cell Arteritis
Granulomatous
Old Females
Clinical Features
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Unilateral Headache
Jaw Claudication
Blindness
Lab Findings
Increased ESR
Normal Serum Creatine Kinase
Treatment
Steroids
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2 mins
Vitamin E Deficiency
Mechanism
Antioxidant
Protects Erythrocytes
Protects from Free Radical Damage
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Hemolytic Anemia
Posterior Column
Spinocerebellar Tract
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2 mins
Craniopharyngioma
Hypopituitarism
Remnants of Rathke's Pouch
Tooth-enamel Like Calcification
Cholesterol Crystals
Yellow Viscous Fluid
Headache
Bitemporal Hemianopsia
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1 min
Actinomyces Israelii
Characteristics
Gram-Positive
Bacillus
Anaerobe
Branching
Oral Flora
Dental Work
Oral Trauma
Associated with IUDs
Signs and Symptoms
GU Infections
Draining Sinus Tract
Facial Abscess
Yellow Sulfur Granules
Treatment
Penicillin
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2 mins
Hemangioblastoma
Most Often Cerebellar
Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
Retinal Angiomas
Can Produce EPO
Secondary Polycythemia
Foamy Cells
High Vascularity
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59 secs

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