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Alayna Shared "Pharm Exam 1" - 14 Picmonics

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Pharm Exam 1

Alendronate (Fosamax)
Mechanism
Inhibits Osteoclasts
Indications
Osteoporosis
Paget's Disease
Side Effects
Esophageal Ulcers
Musculoskeletal Pain
Vision Changes
Atrial Fibrillation
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Considerations
Take on Empty Stomach
Remain Upright
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2 mins
Gout Treatment
Acute (Acute-angle)
NSAIDs
Glucocorticoids
Colchicine
Impairs Leukocyte Chemotaxis
Chronic Gout (Crone Goat)
Inhibit Xanthine Oxidase
Allopurinol
Febuxostat
Inhibit Reabsorption of Uric Acid
Probenecid
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1 min
Morphine
Mechanism
Opioid Receptor Agonist
Indications
Pain
Myocardial Infarction
Side Effects
Nausea and Vomiting
CNS Depression
Biliary Colic
Constipation
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Pupillary Constriction
Hypotension
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2 mins
Naloxone (Narcan)
Mechanism
Competitive Opioid Receptor Antagonist
Indications
Opioid Induced CNS Depression
Side Effects
Severe Nausea and Vomiting
Excitable State
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Considerations
Repeated Dosing Often Required
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1 min
Sumatriptan
Mechanism of Action
Short Half-Life
5-HT Agonist
Inhibits Trigeminal Nerve Activation
Induces Vasoconstriction
Indications
Migraine
Cluster Headache
Side Effects
Increased Risk of Serotonin Syndrome
Paresthesias
Coronary Vasospasm
Contraindication
Prinzmetal's Angina
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
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3 mins
Lidocaine
Mechanism
Blocks Na+ Channels
Indications
Ventricular Arrhythmia
Anesthetic
Side Effects
Paresthesias
Seizures
Respiratory Depression
Drowsiness
Consideration
Anesthetic Effects Extended with Epinephrine
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1 min
Tetracycline Toxicities
Inhibition of Bone Growth in Children
Teratogen
Discoloration of Teeth
Photosensitivity
GI Distress
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2 mins
Tetracycline Mechanism
Binds to 30 S to Prevent Attachment of Aminoacyl tRNA
Limited CNS Penetration
Divalent Cations Inhibit Absorption
Must Not Take with Milk, Antacids, Iron
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1 min
Opioids Overview
Indications
Pain
Weaning
Cough
Diarrhea
Mechanism of Action
Agonists at Mu (μ), Kappa (Κ), and Delta (δ) Receptors
Decrease Synaptic Transmission
Side Effects
Respiratory Depression
Addiction
Miosis
Constipation
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2 mins
TNF-Alpha Inhibitor Drugs and Complications
Etanercept
Decoy TNF- Alpha receptor
Anti-TNF- Alpha antibody
Adalimumab
Infliximab
Complications
Increased risk of infection
Predispose to Tuberculosis (TB) reactivation
Order Baseline PPD- skin test
Quantiferon Gold In-Tube
Order Chest X-Ray
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2 mins
NSAIDs
Indications
Anti-inflammatory
Analgesic
Fever
Closure of Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Mechanism of Action
Reversible Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2
Block Prostaglandin Synthesis
Side Effects
Interstitial Nephritis
Gastric Ulcer
Renal Ischemia
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1 min
Hydroxychloroquine
aka plaquenil
Mechanism
anti-malarial agent
Anti-inflammatory
inhibition of TLR
Decreased cytokines
Decreased lymphocyte proliferation
Decreased NK cell activity
Mild anti-coagulant effects
Indications
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Diagnosis And Clinical Features
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Sjögren’s Syndrome
Contraindications
pre-existing retinopathy
G6PD Deficiency
Side-effects
Rash
GI distress
Retinopathy
Myopathy
Cardiomyopathy
Neuropathy
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Vitamin D analog
Drugs
Calcitriol
Paracalcitol
Doxercalciferol
Mechanism
Binds to Vitamin D Receptor
Elevates serum calcium levels
Indications
Secondary hyperparathyroidism
Renal disease
Considerations
Given orally daily or IV several times a week
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Fentanyl
Analgesic
Injected IV, intrathecally, or epidurally
Droperidol
Surgery and Labor
Transdermal
Oral Lolipop
Fentanyl Analogues
Cytochrome P450
Short Half Life
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