DEMO Shared "Cardiac" - 124 Picmonics
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Cardiac
Circle of Willis
- Characteristics
- Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
- Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
- Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
- Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
- Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
- Posterior Cerebral Arteries (PCA) Supply Occipital Cortex
- Basilar Artery Supplies Medulla, Pons, and PCA
3 mins
Leg Arteries
- Descending Aorta
- Iliac (Ilium)
- Common Femoral
- Deep Femoral
- Superficial Femoral
- Popliteal
- Anterior Tibial
- Posterior Tibial
- Peroneal
- Dorsalis Pedis
2 mins
Leg Veins
- Inferior Vena Cava
- Common Iliac (Ilium)
- External Iliac (Ilium)
- Great Saphenous
- Femoral
- Popliteal
- Small Saphenous
- Anterior Tibial
- Posterior Tibial
1 min
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
- Features
- Blue Baby Syndrome
- Mechanism
- PROVe Acronym
- Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis
- Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
- Overriding Aorta
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Diagnosis and Treatment
- Boot-Shaped Heart
- Squatting for Tet Spells
- Surgery
2 mins
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
- Continuous
- Machine like murmur
- Often Due to Congenital Rubella
- Prematurity
1 min
Lymphatics
- Characteristics
- Recycles 10% of Interstitial Fluid
- Transport Large Lipids from Lacteals
- Unidirectional Valves
- Lymph Nodes Filter Lymph
- WBCs Monitor Lymph for Pathogens
- Merge with Veins
2 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Systole
- Characteristics
- AV Node
- AV Node Conducts Signal to Bundle of His
- Bundle of His Signals Purkinje Fibers to Contract Ventricles
- Tricuspid Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Opens
- Mitral Valve Closes
- Aortic Valve Opens
2 mins
Cardiac Cycle - Diastole
- Characteristics
- Aortic Valve Closes
- Pulmonary Valve Closes
- Ventricles Relax
- Mitral Valve Opens
- Tricuspid Valve Opens
- Ventricles Fill
- Sinoatrial (SA) Node Fires
- Atrial Contraction
3 mins
Aortic Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Age-related Calcifications
- Bicuspid Aortic Valve
- Crescendo-decrescendo Murmur
- Systolic Murmur
- Ejection Murmur
- Ejection Click
- Radiates to Carotids and Apex
- Pulsus Parvus et Tardus
- Syncope
- Helmet Cells
2 mins
Aortic Regurgitation
- Auscultation
- Diastolic Murmur
- Immediate High-pitched
- Blowing Murmur
- Clinical Findings
- Wide Pulse Pressure
- Water Hammer Pulse
- Head Bobbing
- Pulsating Nail Bed
- Considerations
- Can Cause Austin Flint Murmur
1 min
Tricuspid Regurgitation
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Radiates to Right Sternal Border
- Enhanced by Inspiration
1 min
Mitral Stenosis
- Characteristics
- Murmur Follows Opening Snap
- Late Diastolic Murmur
- Enhanced by Expiration
- Low-Pitched Rumbling
- Dilation of Left Atrium (LA)
- Recurrent Attacks of Rheumatic Fever
2 mins
Mitral Regurgitation
- Characteristics
- Holosystolic
- Blowing Murmur
- Loudest at Apex
- Radiates toward Axilla
- Louder by Squatting
- Hand Grip
- Expiration
1 min
Right to Left Heart Shunts
- The 5 Ts
- Truncus Arteriosus
- Transposition of the Great Vessels
- Tricuspid Atresia
- Tetralogy of Fallot
- Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
- Associations
- Cyanosis at Birth
- May Require PDA
1 min
Left-to-Right Heart Shunts
- The 3 Ds
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- PDA
- Associations
- Later Cyanosis
- Clubbing
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
2 mins
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Pathophysiology
- Hole in Septum between the Atria
- Symptoms
- Often Asymptomatic
- Wide and Fixed Split S2
- Cyanosis and Dyspnea
- Easily Fatigued
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray shows Increased Pulmonary Vascular Markings
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Surgery if CHF as Child
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis
- Most Close Spontaneously
2 mins
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Pathophysiology
- Opening at Intraventricular Septum
- Most Common Congenital Heart lesion
- Symptoms
- High-pitched Holosystolic Murmer (over left sternal border)
- Dyspnea and Respiratory Distress
- Loud Pulmonic S2
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Small VSDs Close Spontaneously
- Large VSDs Require Surgery
- Complications
- Endocarditis
- Eisenmenger's Syndrome
- CHF
2 mins
Persistent Truncus Arteriosus
- Common Arterial Trunk
- Single Trunk Emerges from Both Ventricles
- Symptoms
- Cyanosis
- Pulmonary Congestion
- Heart Failure
- Single S2 Sound
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Chest X-ray
- Treatment
- Early Surgical Correction
- Avoids Pulmonary Hypertension
2 mins
Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR)
- Pathophysiology
- Pulmonary Veins Do Not Connect to Left Atrium
- Oxygenated Blood Return to Right Atrium
- Incompatible with Life without a Shunt
- With Obstruction
- Vessel Enters at an Acute Angle
- Severe Cyanosis
- Pulmonary Edema
- Without Obstruction
- Delayed Manifestation (1 or 2 years)
- Right Heart Failure
- Chest X-ray Shows "Snowman"
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Treatment
- Surgical Correction
3 mins
Transposition of Great Vessels
- Pathophysiology
- Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation are in Parallel
- Incompatible with Life Without a Shunt
- Symptoms
- Severe Cyanosis at Birth
- Single S2 sound
- Diagnosis
- Echocardiogram
- Chest X-ray shows "Egg-shaped Silhouette"
- Treatment
- Prostaglandin
- Avoid NSAIDs
- Surgical Correction
- Balloon Atrial Septostomy
2 mins
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