ben Shared "PT" - 85 Picmonics
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PT
Clinical Reflexes
- Achilles reflex
- Patellar reflex
- Biceps and brachioradialis reflexes
- Triceps reflex
- Cremasteric reflex
- Anal wink reflex
- Jaw jerk reflex
Nerve Palsies - Erb's Palsy (Waiter's tip)
- Nerves
- C5-C6 Roots
- Superior (Upper) Trunk
- Causes
- Lateral Traction on Neck during Delivery
- Trauma in Adults
- Functional Deficit
- Deltoid
- Infraspinatus
- Biceps Brachii
- Presentation
- Waiter's Tip Deformity
2 mins
Actions of Hip Muscles
- Abductors
- Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
- Adductors
- Adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis
- Extensors
- Gluteus maximus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris (long head)
- Flexors
- Iliopsoas, rectus femoris, tensor fascia lata, pectineus
- Internal rotation
- Gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae
- External rotation
- Iliopsoas, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator
Branches of Brachial Plexus
- Musculocutaneous Nerve
- Flexion
- Supination
- Axillary Nerve
- Abduction of shoulder
- Posterior circumflex artery
- Fracture of surgical neck
- Radial nerve
- Extensors of arm, wrist, fingers
- Supinator
- Sensory back of arm and hand
- Saturday night palsy
- Fracture of humerus shaft
- Ulnar Nerve
- Ulnar claw
- Lumbricals
- Interosseus Muscles
- Median Nerve
- Wrist and finger flexion
- Pronation
- Hand of benediction
- Carpal tunnel
- Lumbricals
Brachial Plexus
- Roots
- Long Thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
- Dorsal Scapular nerve (C5)
- Trunks
- Subclavian Nerve (C5-C6)
- Suprascapular Nerve (C5-C6)
- Suprascapular innervates supraspinatus and infraspinatus
- Cords
- Lateral Pectoral Nerve
- Lateral pectoral innervates pec major
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves
- Upper and lower subscapular nerves innervate subscapularis muscle
- Thoracodorsal nerve (AKA middle subscapular n)
- Thoracodorsal innervates latissimus dorsi
- Medial Pectoral nerve
- Medial Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
- Branches
- Median nerve (C5-C6)
- Axillary Nerve
- Axillary nerve innervates deltoid and teres minor
- Musculocutaneous nerve
- Radial nerve
- Ulnar Nerve
Leg Nerves
- Femoral
- Saphenous
- Posterior Femoral Cutaneous
- Sciatic
- Tibial
- Common Peroneal
- Superficial Peroneal
- Deep Peroneal
1 min
Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)
- Pain, loss of shoulder motion, especially external rotation
- Causes
- Diabetes
- Breast/lung surgery
- Thyroid disorders
- Extended use of sling
- Treatment
- NSAIDS
- Steroids
Scoliosis
- Assessment
- S Shaped Lateral Spinal Rotation
- Unequal Shoulder and Scapula Height
- Uneven Gait
- Impaired Oxygenation
- Hump when Bending Forward
- Interventions
- Body Braces
- Worn 23 Hours/Day
- Surgery
- Considerations
- Adolescent Screening
3 mins
Dermatomes - Cervical
- C2 - Posterior Cap Distribution
- C3 - High Turtleneck
- C4 - Low Collar Shirt
- C5 - Anterolateral Shoulder
- C6 - Thumb
- C7 - Middle Finger
- C8 - Pinky Finger
1 min
Rotator Cuff
- External Rotation
- Teres Minor
- Infraspinatus
- Internal Rotation
- Subscapularis
- Abduction
- Supraspinatus
1 min
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
- Most common cause of Arthritis in Children. Onset before Age 10.
- More common in females
- Persistent joint swelling (synovial thickening, accumulation of synovial fluid)
- Subtypes
- Polyarticular JIA
- Severe symmetrical arthritis
- Dactylitis
- Pauciarticular JIA
- Typically involves large joints (shoulders, elbows, hips and knees)
- 20-25% have Uveitis. Increased risk of blindness in children.
- Systemic-onset JIA
- Also known as Still's disease
- Begins with systemic symptoms (fever, rash, elevated WBC, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy). Described as "spikes of rash and fever."
- Arthritis begins later in the course of the disease
Diabetes Insipidus
- Excess urinary loss of water
- Deficiency/insensitivity to vasopressin
- Hypernatremia
- Low urinary sodium excretion
- Treat with desmopressin
- Patient should drink to thirst
Paracentesis
- Performed on patients with severe ascites
- For procedure patient should be sitting on side of the bed or in high fowlers position
- Provides only temporary relief
- Uses a syringe to extract fluid
- Patient must void immediately before procedure
- Look for signs of electrolyte imbalance and hypovolemia after procedure
Angina Diagnostics
- Resting EKG
- Normal in stable angina
- Q Wave= previous MI
- ST or T changes + chest pain= unstable angina
- Cardiac stress EKG
- Indicated if normal resting EKG
- ST Depression= positive test
- Patients with positive stress EKG or Echo should undergo catheterization
- Stress echocardiogram
Autosomal Recessive Diseases
- Albinism
- AR Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Von Gierke's Disease
- Pompe Disease
- Cori Disease
- McArdles Disease
- Hemochromatosis
- Kartagener's Syndrome
- Hurlers Syndrome
- Phenylketonuria (PKU)
- Sickle Cell Disease
- Gauchers Disease
- Niemann-Pick Disease
- Tay-Sachs Disease
- Krabbe Disease
- Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
- Thalassemias
- Wilson's Disease
- Friedreich's Ataxia
- Fructose Intolerance
- Hartnup Disease
- Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
- Essential Fructosuria
- Galactokinase Deficiency
- Alkaptonuria
- Ataxia Telangiectasia
- 5 Alpha Reductase Deficiency
- Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
- Classic Galactosemia
- Orotic Aciduria
- Crigler-Najjar Syndrome Type 1
- Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
- Homocystinuria
- Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
Cancer pain
- Mild
- Mild
- Acetaminophen
- NSAIDS
- Moderate
- Moderate
- Weak opioids ± nonopioids
- hydrocodone
- Codeine
- Tramadol
- Severe
- Severe
- Strong short-acting opioids
- Morphine and Hydromorphone
- daily dose and convert to long-acting formulation
- Fentanyl patch
- Oxycodone
- PLUS Short-acting opioids for breakthrough pain
- increase should be done via titration (50% every 24 hours)
prerenal acute kidney injury
- no underlying kidney disease
- Cause
- intravascular volume depletion
- Heart Failure
- Cirrhosis
- Sepsis
- Pancreatitis
- stenosis
- NSAID (afferent arteriole vasoconstriction)
- increased serum creatinine (eg 50% from baseline)
- Oliguria
- BUN/creatinine ratio >20:1
- fractional excretion of Na < 1 %
- unremarkable urine sediment
- Treatment
- IV Fluids
- Metformin should be stopped
Burns Assessment
- Stage and Extent of Burn
- Dyspnea
- Singed Nasal Hairs
- Pain
- Initial Decrease Urinary Output
- Paralytic Ileus
- Signs of Inadequate Hydration
- Shock
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalemia
2 mins
Diabetes Education
- Self-Monitoring (Blood Glucose)
- SubQ Injection Technique
- Lifestyle Changes
- Symptoms of Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia
- Sick Day Care
- Foot Care
- Exercise Therapy
- Medication
1 min
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Interventions
- Interventions
- Closely Monitor Patient
- ABG's (Arterial Blood Gases)
- Oxygen
- Assess for O2 Toxicity
- Mechanical Ventilation
- PEEP
- Assess for Pneumothorax
- Permissive Hypercapnia
- Considerations
- High Mortality Rate
2 mins
