NP Shared "Week 1: M1. Cell Biology, Homeostasis, Stress, Aging" - 20 Picmonics
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Week 1: M1. Cell Biology, Homeostasis, Stress, Aging
Fungi Basic Characteristics
- Characteristics
- Hyphae
- Mycelium
- Septa
- Chitin
- Saprophytic
- Digestive Enzymes
- Sexual Reproduction
- Haploid Spores
- Yeast Budding
2 mins
Adult T Cell Lymphoma
- Caused by HTLV 1
- Japan, West Africa, Caribbean
- Present with cutaneous lesions
- Aggressive
1 min
Cell Surface Proteins - B Cells
- Ig
- CD19
- CD20
- CD21
- CD40
- MHC II
- B7
1 min
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
- Epidemiology
- Most Common Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
- Usually in Older Adults
- 20% in Children
- Features
- May be Mature T Cell in Origin
- Derives from Germinal Center
- GI Tract and Brain
2 mins
Anaphase
- Spindle Microtubules from Centrioles Split Pairs
- Meiosis I Tetrad Splits into Two Sister Chromatid Pairs
- Meiosis II Sister Chromatid Pair Splits into Two Chromatids
- Mitosis Sister Chromatid Pair Splits into Two Chromatids
1 min
Telophase
- Cytokinesis Divides Cells
- Meiosis I Cell Ends Haploid
- Meiosis II Cell Ends Haploid
- Mitosis Cell Ends Diploid
- Chromosomes Decondense into Chromatin
- Nuclear Membrane Reforms
1 min
Nucleus
- Characteristics
- Transcription Factors
- Nucleolus Transcribes rRNA
- DNA
- RNA
- Nuclear Membrane is a Bilayer
- Membrane is Continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Nucleus Surrounded by Cytosol
- Nuclear Pores
2 mins
Prophase
- Nuclear Membrane Disintegrates
- Centrioles Migrate
- Spindle Apparatus Forms
- Meiosis I starts Diploid
- Homologous Chromosomes form Tetrads
- Tetrads Cross Over
- Meiosis II starts Haploid
- Mitosis starts Diploid
- Sister Chromatid Pairs Stay Separated
2 mins
Metaphase
- Characteristics
- Microtubules Extend from Centrioles' Spindles
- Centromere
- Kinetochore
- Meiosis I Tetrads Aligned at Metaphase Plate
- Meiosis II Sister Chromatids Aligned at Metaphase Plate
- Mitosis Sister Chromatids Aligned at Metaphase Plate
57 secs
Meiosis I
- Characteristics
- Prophase I
- Centrioles Migrate
- Spindle Apparatus Forms
- Nuclear Membrane Disintegrates
- Metaphase I
- Microtubules Extend from Centrioles Spindle
- Spindle Fibers Attach to Centromere
- Fused at Kinetochore
- Randomly Align at Metaphase Plate
- Anaphase I
- Spindle Microtubules from Centrioles Split Pairs
- Tetrad Splits into 2 Sister Chromatid Pairs
- Telophase I
- Cytokinesis Divides Cell
3 mins
Meiosis II
- Prophase II
- Centrioles Migrate
- Spindle Apparatus Forms
- Nuclear Membrane Disintegrates
- Metaphase II
- Sister Chromatids Align at Metaphase Plate
- Anaphase II
- Sister Chromatids Pulled Apart Into Two
- Telophase II
- Cytokinesis Divides Cells
- 4 Haploid Daughter Cells
2 mins
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
- Characteristics
- Acetyl-CoA + Oxaloacetate
- Citric Acid
- Isocitric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid
- Produces NADH
- Succinyl CoA
- Produces GTP
- Succinate
- Produces FADH2
- Fumarate
- Uses Water
- Malate
- Produces NADH
- Oxaloacetate
4 mins
Glycolysis
- Characteristics
- Glucose
- Hexokinase or Glucokinase
- Glucose-6-phosphate
- Fructose-6-phosphate
- Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Aldolase
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
- 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
- 3-phosphoglycerate
- 2-phosphoglycerate
- Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
- Pyruvate Kinase
- Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Dehydrogenase
- Acetyl-CoA
4 mins
Fructose Metabolism
- Liver Fructose Metabolism
- Fructose
- Fructokinase
- Fructose-1-Phosphate
- Aldolase B
- DHAP
- Glyceraldehyde
- Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate
2 mins
Lipid Metabolism and Ketogenesis
- Lipid Metabolism
- Acetyl-CoA
- Biotin Cofactor
- Malonyl-CoA
- Fatty Acids
- Triglycerides
- Glycerol
- DHAP
- Acetoacetyl-CoA
- HMG-CoA
- HMG-CoA Reductase
- Mevalonate
- Cholesterol
- Ketogenesis
- Acetoacetate
- Beta-Hydroxybutyrate
4 mins
Gluconeogenesis
- OVERVIEW
- Produces Glucose from Non-Carbohydrate Substrates
- Upregulated by Glucagon and Cortisol
- PATHWAY
- Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Carboxylase
- Oxaloacetate
- Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Carboxykinase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
- Fructose-6-phosphate
- Glucose-6-phosphate
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Glucose
- Clinical Relevance
- Von Gierke Disease
4 mins
Energy Releasing Pathways: Accounting
- Characteristics
- Anaerobic Respiration
- 2 ATP
- 2 NADH
- Aerobic Respiration
- 8 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 ATP
- Oxidative Phosphorylation
- 34 ATP
- 2 ATP Lost
- 36 Net Total ATP
2 mins
Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Inner Mitochondrial Membrane
- Electron Transport Chain
- Oxygen is Final Electron Acceptor
- Proton Pump
- Proton Motive Force
- ATP Synthase
- 1 NADH 2.5 ATP
- 1 FADH2 1.5 ATP
3 mins
Anaerobic Respiration
- Cytosol
- Glucose
- Glycolysis
- Substrate-level Phosphorylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Net ATP
- 2 Pyruvate
- Fermentation
- NAD+ Regeneration
- Waste Byproduct
2 mins
Aerobic Respiration
- Mitochondrial Matrix
- 2 Pyruvate
- Pyruvate Decarboxylation
- 2 NADH
- 2 Acetyl-CoA
- Krebs Cycle
- 6 NADH
- 2 FADH2
- 2 Substrate Level ATPs
1 min
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