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Neuro
Anterior Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis of lower limb
Contralateral loss of sensation in lower limb
1 min
Middle Cerebral Artery
Contralateral paralysis upper limb and face
Contralateral loss of sensation of upper limb and face
Affects Wernicke's area and Broca's area
Aphasia if Lesion in Dominant (Left) Hemisphere
Hemineglect if lesion in nondominant (right) hemisphere
1 min
Circle of Willis
Characteristics
Anterior Cerebral Artery (ACA) Supplies Motor/Sensory Parts of the Cortex for Lower Extremities
Anterior Communicating Artery (Acomm) Connects ACA to ACA
Internal Carotid Arteries (ICA)
Middle Cerebral Arteries (MCA) Supply Cortex for Upper Limbs and Face
Posterior Communicating Artery (Pcomm) Connects ICA to PCA
Visual Field Defects - Left Upper Quadrantic Anopia
Visual Field Abnormality
Left Upper Quadrantic Anopia
Pie in the Sky
Location of Lesion
Meyer's Loop
Right Temporal Lobe
Cause
Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Infarct
1 min
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Bleeding into Subarachnoid Space
Mechanisms
Trauma
Aneurysm Rupture
AVM Rupture
Vasospasm causes Ischemia
Signs & Symptoms
"Worst Headache Of My Life"
Diagnosis
Noncontrast Head CT
Lumbar Puncture
Angiography
Considerations
Surgery
Blood Pressure Control
Intracranial Pressure Control
Nimodipine for Vasospasm Prophylaxis
3 mins
Subdural Hematoma
Mechanism
Tear of Bridging Veins
Slow Bleeding, Over Time
Imaging
Subdural Space
Crescent-shaped on CT
Crosses Suture Lines
Midline Shift
Causes
Elderly
Whiplash
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
2 mins
Types of Strokes
Warning Signs
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Reversible Ischemic Neurologic Deficit (RIND)
Types
Ischemic
Thrombotic
Atherosclerosis
Embolic
Atrial Fibrillation
Hemorrhagic
Severe Hypertension
3 mins
Traumatic Brain Injury Assessment
Assessment
Change in LOC
Personality Changes
Amnesia
Increased Intracranial Pressure
Diplopia
Posturing
Location of Injury
Basilar Skull Fracture
Halo or Ring Sign
Considerations
Intracranial Bleeding
2 mins
Guillain-Barre Syndrome Assessment
Assessment
Ascending Paralysis
Muscle Weakness
Paresthesias (Pins and Needles)
Diplopia
Difficulty Speaking
Dysphagia
Labile Blood Pressure
Loss of Bowel and Bladder Control
Considerations
Aggressive Airway Management
2 mins
Brachial Plexus Branches
Musculocutaneous Nerve
Axillary Nerve
Radial Nerve
Median Nerve
Ulnar Nerve
56 secs
Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms and Diagnosis
Symptoms
Optic Neuritis
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia
Scanning Speech
Urinary and Fecal Incontinence
Motor Issues (Intention Tremor, Paresis)
Numbness and Pain
Depression
Relapsing Symptoms
Diagnosis
Gold Standard = Plaques on MRI
Increased CSF Immunoglobulins (IgG)
Oligoclonal Bands
4 mins
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Characteristics
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Medulla Oblongata
Cerebellum
Pons
Spinal Cord
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Grey Matter
White Matter
2 mins
Huntington's Disease
Pathophysiology
Autosomal Dominant
Trinucleotide Repeat
CAG Repeats
Chromosome 4
Anticipation
Caudate
Decrease of ACh
Decrease of GABA
Signs and Symptoms
Chorea
Dementia
Depression
Glutamate Toxicity
Neuronal Death via NMDA Binding
3 mins
CN IV
Trochlear Nerve
Motor
Abducts, Depresses, Internally Rotates
48 secs
CN V
Trigeminal Nerve
Sensory
Facial Sensation
Motor Function (Via Mandibular Nerve)
Mastication Muscles
1 min
CN II
Optic Nerve
Sensory
Vision
35 secs
CN III
Oculomotor Nerve
Motor
Eye Movement
Accommodation
Eyelid Opening
Pupillary Constriction
1 min
CN VI
Abducens Nerve
Motor
Abducts Eye
48 secs
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Sensory
Hearing
Balance
55 secs
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