Shiza Shared "Pulm Exam 1" - 26 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
Pulm Exam 1
Spontaneous Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Accumulation of Air in Pleural Space
- Tall and Thin Young Males
- Bleb or Bulla Rupture
- Underlying Disease
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypoxemia
- Chest Pain
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Hyperresonance
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
1 min
Tension Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space, but Can't Exit
- Trauma or Infection
- Signs and Symptoms
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Trachea Deviates Away from Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tachycardia
- Tachypnea
- Hypotension
- Hypoxemia
- Hyperresonance
- Emergency
2 mins
Pleural Effusion
- Characteristics
- Accumulation of Fluid in Pleural Space
- Types
- Transudative
- Exudative
- Chylothorax
- Clinical Features
- Dyspnea
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Decreased Breath Sounds
- Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray
- Light Criteria
- Management
- Treat Underlying Disorder
- Thoracentesis
3 mins
Sarcoidosis Characteristics and Labs
- Mechanism
- Unknown Mechanism
- Immune-Mediated
- Noncaseating Granulomas
- Vitamin D Activation
- Labs
- Hypercalcemia
- Elevated ACE
- Asteroid and Schaumann Bodies
- Bronchoalveolar Lavage shows Increased CD4:CD8 Ratio
- X-ray Shows Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy
- Treatment
- Corticosteroids
2 mins
Sarcoidosis Symptoms
- Black Females
- Symptoms
- Asymptomatic
- Uveitis
- Interstitial Fibrosis
- Erythema Nodosum
- Hepatomegaly
- Myocardial Sarcoidosis
- Lupus Pernio
1 min
Flail Chest
- Cause/Mechanism
- Trauma
- Assessment
- Shallow Respirations
- Chest Pain
- Paradoxical Chest Movement
- Interventions
- Mechanical Ventilation
- Analgesics
- Intercostal Nerve Blocks
- Considerations
- Surgical Rib Fixation
- Monitor Pulmonary Contusion
2 mins
Histoplasmosis
- Fungi
- 2-5 um
- Yeast Cells within Macrophages
- Starling Bird Poop
- Bat Poop
- Caves
- Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys
- Pneumonia
- Caseating Granuloma
- Erythema Nodosum
1 min
Restrictive Lung Diseases
- Poor Breathing Mechanics
- Interstitial Lung Diseases
- Goodpasture's Syndrome
- Eosinophilic Granuloma
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
- Sarcoidosis
- Pneumoconiosis
- Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Drug Toxicity
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
2 mins
Light's Criteria
- Use
- Determines Transudative vs. Exudative Source of Pleural Effusion
- Exudate if (At Least One of the Following):
- Effusion/Serum Protein Ratio > 0.5
- Effusion/Serum LDH Ratio > 0.6
- Effusion LDH > Two-thirds Upper Serum LDH Range
2 mins
Pneumothorax
- Mechanism
- Air Enters Pleural Space
- Assessment
- Sudden Dyspnea
- Absent or Restricted Movement on Affected Side
- Decreased or Absent Breath Sounds on Affected Side
- Chest Pain
- Tracheal Deviation
- Vital Sign Changes
- Crepitus
- Considerations
- High Fowler's Position With Oxygen
- Prepare For Chest Tube Placement
- Educate High Risk Patients
2 mins
Reading a Chest X-Ray
- ABCDE Approach
- Airway and Appliances
- Bones
- Cardiac
- Diaphragm
- Everything Else
- Masses
- Pulmonary Vasculature
- Lung Parenchyma
2 mins
Pulmonary Embolism Assessment
- Assessment
- Shortness of Breath (SOB)
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Tachypnea
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Considerations
- Sudden Death
52 secs
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- inflamed alveoli
- "Bird fancier's lung"repeated inhalation of bird droppings
- Farmer's lung-- inhaling mold
- Pulmonary Fibrosis with chronic exposure
- if acute- fever, cough, malaise
- XRAY- "haziness", ground glass-- LOWER lung fields
- Treatment: Avoid antigen
- avoid antigen
- steroids do prevent disease progression
Berylliosis
- Berylliosis
- Associated with exposure to beryllium in aerospace and manufacturing industries
- Noncaseating granulomas in the lung, hilar lymph nodes, and systemic organs
- Bilateral infiltrates and hilar adenopathy
- Affects upper lobes
- Tx: Requires chronic corticosteroid treatment
Asbestosis
- Asbestos = ferruginous (iron) bodies
- Shipbuilding
- Plumbing
- Lower Lobes of lungs affected
- Calcified pleural plaques on CXR (ivory white)
- Golden brown rods on H&E
- Prussian blue stain
- Bronchogenic carcinoma
- Smoking Increases Carcinoma Risk
- Mesothelioma (lower risk) -> cancer of pleura
- Psammoma Bodies in mesothelioma
Pulmonary Embolism Causes
- Causes
- FAT BAT Mnemonic
- Fat
- Air
- Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
- Bacteria
- Amniotic Fluid
- Tumor
- Risk Factors
- Hypercoagulable
- Central Venous Lines
- Immobilized
1 min
Pulmonary Embolism Presentation and Diagnosis
- Presentation
- Sudden onset Shortness of Breath (S.O.B.)
- Tachypnea
- Pleuritic Chest Pain
- Hemoptysis
- Hypoxemia
- Sudden Death
- Diagnosis
- Gold Standard: CT Pulmonary Angiography
- X-Ray
- D-Dimer
- V/Q Scan
1 min
Oxygen Delivery Methods
- Nasal Cannula
- Simple Face Mask
- Non-Rebreather Mask
- Venturi-Mask
- Safety Precautions
- Oxygen In Use Sign
- No Electrical Sparks
- Six Feet Away from Open Flames
- Nursing Considerations
- Dry Nasal and Upper Airway Mucosa
- Skin Irritation
- Home Education
1 min
Lung Sounds - Wheezes
- Location
- Throughout Lung
- Description
- High Pitched
- Sounds Like
- Musical
- Cause
- Air Moving through Narrowed Airways
38 secs
Lung Sounds - Crackles
- Location
- Lower Lobes
- Description
- Fine/Coarse
- Sounds Like
- Fine: Twisting Hair through Fingers
- Coarse: Velcro
- Cause
- Collapsed Small Airways and Alveoli "Popping Open"
1 min
Ace Your Physician Assistant (PA) Classes & Exams with Picmonic:
Over 2,030,000 students use Picmonic’s picture mnemonics to improve knowledge, retention, and exam performance.
Choose the #1 Physician Assistant (PA) student study app.
Picmonic for Physician Assistant (PA) covers information that is relevant to your entire Physician Assistant (PA) education. Whether you’re studying for your classes or getting ready to conquer the PANCE® or PANRE®, we’re here to help.
Works better than traditional Physician Assistant (PA) flashcards.
Research shows that students who use Picmonic see a 331% improvement in memory retention and a 50% improvement in test scores.