Wayne Shared "Pharmacology 5/27/2024" - 23 Picmonics
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Pharmacology 5/27/2024
Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma (PACG - Acute)
Mechanism
Rapid Increase in IOP
Signs and Symptoms
Rapid Onset
Pain
Blurred Vision
Halos Around Lights
Nausea and Vomiting
IOP over 30 mm Hg
Considerations
Drug Therapy
Surgery
1 min
Open-Angle Glaucoma
Humor Has Access to Trabecular Meshwork
Presentation
Painless
African American
Elderly
Positive Family History
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Most Common Form of Glaucoma
Unknown Mechanism
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Blocked Trabecular Meshwork (With Open-Angle)
WBCs
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Retinal Products
2 mins
Mannitol (Osmitrol)
Indications
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
Glaucoma
Drug Overdose
Mechanism of Action
Osmotic diuretic
Increased Urine Flow
Side Effects
Dehydration
Contraindications
Anuria
CHF
2 mins
Acetazolamide
Indications
Glaucoma
Altitude Sickness
Pseudotumor Cerebri
CHF
Metabolic Alkalosis
Mechanism of Action
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) Diuresis
Side Effects
Metabolic Acidosis
Paresthesias
1 min
Loop Diuretics
Mechanism of Action
Thick Ascending Limb of Loop of Henle
Inhibits Na+-K+-2Cl- Symporter
Sulfa Drug
Drug Names
Furosemide
Lasix
Side Effects
Gout
Ototoxicity
Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
4 mins
Thiazide Diuretics
Early Distal Tubule
Inhibits Na/Cl Reabsorption
Sulfa Drug
Hyperglycemia
Hyperlipidemia
Hypercalcemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyponatremia
Hypokalemic Metabolic Alkalosis
2 mins
K+ Sparing Diuretics
Indications
CHF and Hypertension
Hypokalemia
Hyperaldosteronism
Mechanism of Action
Collecting Tubule
Spironolactone
Competitive Aldosterone Receptor Antagonist
Amiloride and Triamterene
Block Na+ Channels
Side Effects
Hyperkalemia
Gynecomastia
2 mins
ACE Inhibitors
-Pril Suffix
Indications
Hypertension
CHF
Diabetic Nephropathy
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits ACE
Decreases GFR
Inhibits Constriction of Efferent Arteriole
Side Effect
Increased Bradykinin
Cough
1 min
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
-sartan suffix
Indications
Hypertension
CHF
Diabetic Nephropathy
Mechanism of Action
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
Side Effect
Hyperkalemia
Contraindication
Pregnancy
1 min
Calcium Channel Blockers (Verapamil and Diltiazem)
Mechanism of Action
Slows AV Conduction
Indications
Angina Pectoris
Arrhythmias
Essential Hypertension
Side Effects
Bradycardia
Hypotension
Constipation
Peripheral Edema
Gingival Hyperplasia
Nursing Consideration
Medication Education
2 mins
Systemic Effects of Beta-Blockers
Respiratory
Bronchoconstriction
Metabolic
Decreased Insulin
Decreased Glycolysis and Lipolysis
Eye
Reduces Intraocular Pressure
1 min
Selective Alpha-1 Blockers
"-osin" suffix
Mechanism of Action
Blocks Alpha1 Receptors
Indications
Hypertension
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Side Effects
Syncope
Orthostatic Hypotension
1 min
Alpha-2 Agonists (Sympathoplegics)
Indications
Hypertension
Renal disease
Mechanism of Action
Centrally acting Alpha-2 Agonist
Drugs
Clonidine
Rebound Hypertension
Alpha-Methyldopa
Pregnancy
Coombs (+) Hemolytic Anemia
SLE Like Syndrome
2 mins
Hydralazine
Indications
Reduce Afterload
Severe Hypertension
Safe during Pregnancy
CHF
Mechanism of Action
Increases cGMP
Vasodilates Arterioles
Side Effects
Drug-induced Lupus
Reflex Tachycardia
1 min
Nitroprusside
Mechanism of Action
Direct Release of NO
Increase cGMP
Short Half-Life
Indications
Malignant Hypertension
Side Effect
Cyanide Toxicity
1 min
Minoxidil (Loniten, Rogaine)
Mechanism
Vasodilates Arterioles
Indications
Severe Hypertension
Baldness
Side Effects
Reflex Tachycardia
Blood Volume Expansion
Hypertrichosis
Pericardial Effusion
Rash
Considerations
Give with Beta Blocker and Diuretic
2 mins
Diazoxide
opens K+ channels
Causes HAT NAP
Hyperglycemia
Emergency Treatment
Reflex Tachycardia
insulin decrease
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
Indication
Pulmonary Hypertension
Mechanism of Action
Competitive Antagonism of Endothelin Receptors
Decreased Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Drugs
Bosentan
Side Effects
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor LFTs
1 min
Prostacyclin Analogs
Mechanism of Action
Prostaglandin I2 (Prostacyclin)
Vasodilation of Pulmonary and Systemic Arteries
Inhibits Platelet Aggregation
Indications
Pulmonary Hypertension
Side effects
Flushing
Jaw Pain
Drugs
Epoprostenol
Iloprost
Treprostinil
1 min
Hypertensive Emergency Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis
Laboratory Tests
Chest X-ray
Management
Decrease Blood Pressure Carefully
Antihypertensives
Monitor Vital Signs
2 mins
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