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Alberta Shared "CH 13: Hematological System Review" - 29 Picmonics

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CH 13: Hematological System Review

Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency Causes
Causes
Vegans
Pernicious Anemia
Gastric Bypass Surgery
Malabsorption
Sprue
Enteritis
Crohn's Disease
Diphyllobothrium latum
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4 mins
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Mechanism and Deficiency
Mechanism
Cobalamin
Large reserve pool in the liver
Homocysteine to methionine
Methylmalonyl CoA to succinyl CoA
Deficiency Signs and Symptoms
Macrocytic Megaloblastic Anemia
Hypersegmented Neutrophils
Neurologic defects
Posterior column
Lateral corticospinal tract
Spinocerebellar tract
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5 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Binucleate
Owl's Eyes Appearance
CD 15 and CD 30
B Cell Origin
Bimodal Age Distribution
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2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Signs & Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Localized Single Group of Lymph Nodes
Contiguous Spread
Constitutional B Symptoms
Low-Grade Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
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2 mins
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
Cause
Lymphatic Cancer
Non-Contiguous Spread
B or T Cells
Assessment
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Constitutional B Signs
Night Sweats
Fever
Weight Loss
Mediastinal or Abdominal Mass
Considerations
Older Adults
> 60 Subtypes
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2 mins
Multiple Myeloma Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Monoclonal Plasma Cell Cancer
Clock Face Chromatin
Diagnosis
M Spike on Protein Electrophoresis
Increased IgG and IgA
Fried Egg Appearance (BM Biopsy)
Rouleaux Formation
Stacked RBC's
Bence Jones Protein
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2 mins
Multiple Myeloma Signs and Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Increased Susceptibility to Infection
Back/Bone Pain
Punched Out Lytic Bone Lesions
Hypercalcemia
Primary Amyloidosis
Renal Insufficiency
Anemia
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2 mins
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP)
Inhibition or deficiency of ADAMTS 13
vWF Multimers are Not Degraded
Microthrombi (and Emboli)
Symptoms
FAT RN Pentad
Fever
Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Renal Dysfunction
Neurologic Abnormalities (Altered Mental status)
Treatment
Plasmapheresis
Corticosteroids
Splenectomy
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2 mins
Hemoglobin (Hgb) Lab Values
Men: 13 - 17 g/dL
Women: 12 - 16 g/dL
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47 secs
Hematocrit (Hct) Lab Values
Women: 36% - 46%
Men: 41% - 53%
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1 min
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Lab Values
Women: 3.5-5.5 million cells/ MuL
Men: 4.3-5.9 million cells/ MuL
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1 min
Folate Deficiency
Clinical Features
Macrocytic Anemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Etiologies
Malabsorption
Dietary
Tea and Toast
Alcoholics
Medication-induced
Methotrexate
Trimethoprim
Increased Requirement
Hemolytic Anemia
Pregnancy
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2 mins
WBC Differential Lab Value
White Blood Cells (WBC)
5-10 (5,000-10,000)
Leukocyte Differential
Neutrophils (50%-70%)
Bands (2%-5%)
Segs (50%-70%)
Lymphocytes (20%-40%)
Monocytes (4%-8%)
Eosinophils (2%-4%)
Basophils (0.5%-1.5%)
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2 mins
Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin Has Four Iron Hemes
Lots Of Hemoglobin In Red Blood Cells
High O2 Levels Increase O2 Binding
High Temperature Reduces O2 Binding
High CO2 Levels Reduce O2 Binding
Low pH Reduces O2 Binding
Myoglobin Binds Oxygen in Muscle
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2 mins
Polycythemia Vera Disease
Pathophysiology
JAK2 Mutation leading to increased red blood cells
Tyrosine Kinase
Symptoms
Erythromelalgia
Pruritus
Often After Hot Shower
Headache
Treatment
Phlebotomy
Aspirin
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1 min
Polycythemia Vera Labs
Lab Findings (The 4 H's)
Hypervolemia
Histaminemia
Hyperviscosity
Hyperuricemia
Diagnosis
Elevated Hemoglobin or Hematocrit
Positive Jak2 Mutation
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1 min
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Causes
Malnutrition/Malabsorption
Hemorrhage
Signs
Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia
Decreased Heme Synthesis
Labs
Decreased Reticulocytes
Decreased Ferritin
Increased Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)
Poikilocytosis
Anisocytosis
Increased Central Pallor
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2 mins
Anemia Lab Values
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Serum Iron Decreased
Transferrin Increased
Ferritin Decreased
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased
Pregnancy and OCP Use
Serum Iron Normal
Transferrin Increased
Ferritin Normal
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased
Anemia of Chronic Disease
Serum Iron Decreased
Transferrin Decreased
Ferritin Increased
% Transferrin Saturation Decreased or Normal
Hemochromatosis
Serum Iron Increased
Transferrin Decreased
Ferritin Increased
% Transferrin Saturation Increased
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3 mins
Microcytic Anemia Causes
MCV < 80
Causes
Thalassemias
Chronic Disease or Illness
Lead Toxicity
Late Iron Deficiency
Sideroblastic Anemia
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1 min
Macrocytic Anemia Causes
MCV > 100
Megaloblastic
B12 Deficiency
Folate Deficiency
Orotic Aciduria
Non Megaloblastic
Alcoholism
Liver Disease
Reticulocytosis
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2 mins

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