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Rosa Shared "Blood and Host Defense" - 87 Picmonics

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Blood and Host Defense

Hypersensitivity Type I
Previous Antigen Exposure
Immediate Reaction
IgE Cross-linking
Presensitized Mast Cells
Histamine Release
Vasodilation
Anaphylaxis
Allergies
Treatment
Epinephrine
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type II
Cytotoxic
IgM or IgG antibody-mediated
Membrane Attack Complex (MAC)
Mechanism
Opsonization
Complement Activation
NK Cells
Testing
Direct Coombs test
Indirect Coombs Test
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type III
Immune Complex
Antigen-antibody (IgG) complex activates complement
Neutrophils release lysozomal enzymes
Examples
Arthus Reaction
Serum Sickness
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
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1 min
Hypersensitivity Type IV
Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity
T Cell Mediated
Antibody Independant
Macrophages Activated
Examples
Transplant Rejection
PPD Skin Test
Contact Dermatitis
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1 min
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Interventions
Interventions
Adequate Nutrition
Small Frequent Meals
IV Hydration
Emotional Support
HIV Medications
HAART
Considerations
Transmission Education
Strict Asepsis for Invasive Procedures
Treat Opportunistic Infections
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2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Diagnosis
HIV-1/2 Antigen/Antibody Immunoassay
HIV-1/2 Antibody Differentiation Immunoassay
Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT)
Viral Load
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Neonates
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3 mins
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Characteristics
Enveloped
Double Stranded DNA
Linear
Signs and Symptoms
Type 1 HSV
Gingivostomatitis
Keratoconjunctivitis
Encephalitis of Temporal Lobes
Latent in Trigeminal Ganglia
Type 2 HSV
Genital Vesicles
Neonatal Herpes
TORCHES
Latent in Sacral Ganglia
Diagnosis
Tzanck Test
Multinucleated Giant Cells
Cowdry A Inclusions
Treatment
Acyclovir
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2 mins
Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Mechanism
Guanosine Analog
Inhibits Viral Replication
Thymidine Kinase Activation
Indications
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
Side Effects (Oral)
Headache
GI Distress
Side Effects (IV)
CNS Toxicity
Nephrotoxicity (Crystalline Nephropathy)
Considerations
Prevents Recurrent Episodes
Slow IV Infusion
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2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Assessment
Assessment
RNA Retrovirus
CD4+ Helper T Cells
Primary Infection
Flu-like Symptoms
Lymphadenopathy
Symptomatic Stage
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Unexplained Weight Loss
White Spots on Tongue
Persistent Fever
Night Sweats
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2 mins
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Stages
Primary Infection
Within 3 Weeks
Flu-like Symptoms
Asymptomatic Stage
Years
Symptomatic Stage
CD4+ < 500
AIDS
Opportunistic Infections
CD4+ < 200
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2 mins
HIV CD4+ 500
Signs and Symptoms
Candida albicans (Oral Thrush)
Kaposi's Sarcoma (HHV-8)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Epstein-Barr Virus (Oral Hairy Leukoplakia)
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3 mins
HIV CD4+ 200
Signs and Symptoms
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
JC Virus
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
(HIV) Dementia
Histoplasmosis
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3 mins
HIV CD4+ 100
Signs and Symptoms
Aspergillus fumigatus
Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans (Esophagitis)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) B-cell lymphoma
Toxoplasma gondii
Cryptosporidium
Bartonella henselae
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5 mins
NRTIs for HIV (Drug Names)
Nucleoside Analog
DEALSZ
Didanosine (DDI)
Emtricitabine (FTC)
Abacavir (ABC)
Lamivudine (3TC)
Stavudine (d4T)
Zidovudine (ZDV)
Nucleotide Analog
Tenofovir (TDF)
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2 mins
HAART
HIV
Begin at Diagnosis
3 Drugs
2 NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
And one of the following:
NNRTI (Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor)
or Protease Inhibitor
or Integrase Inhibitor
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1 min
NRTIs (Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors)
Indications
HIV
Pregnancy and Prophylaxis given ZDV
Mechanism
Inhibit Nucleotide Binding to Reverse Transcriptase
Chain Termination
Require Phosphorylation
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1 min
Protease Inhibitors
End in "-navir"
Indications
HIV/AIDS
Hepatitis C
Mechanism
Inhibit Protease
Unable to Cleave Proteins
Inhibits Maturation of New Virus
Side Effects
GI Distress
Nephropathy
Lipodystrophy
Hyperglycemia
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3 mins
Integrase Inhibitors
-gravir Suffix
Indications
HIV
Mechanism
Blocks Insertion of Viral Genome
Inhibit Actions of Integrase
Side Effects
Hypercholesterolemia
Increased LFT's
Insomnia
Increased Creatine Kinase (CK)
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1 min
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
Both B and T Cell Deficiency
Recurrent Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, Protozoal Infections
Defective Interleukin (IL) 2 Receptor
X-Linked
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
Failure to Synthesize MHC II Antigens
Treat with Bone Marrow Transplant
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2 mins
Cell-mediated Adaptive Immune Response
Characteristics
Macrophages and Dendritic Cells Present Antigens
T Cell Develops Antigen Specificity
Regulatory T Cells Suppress Response
Memory T Cells Cause Faster Secondary Response
Cytotoxic T Cells Lyse Infected Cells
Infected Cells Present Antigen On Surface
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2 mins

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