Shehran Shared "2015 Biochemistry" - 84 Picmonics
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2015 Biochemistry
Chromosome Components
- Characteristics
- DNA
- Histones
- Nucleosomes
- Chromatin
- Chromosome
- Telomere
1 min
Chromosome Forms
- Characteristics
- Chromatid
- Sister Chromatids
- Homologous Chromosomes
- Tetrad
2 mins
Codon Overview
- Characteristics
- mRNA Read In Three Nucleotide Chunks
- AUG Is Start Codon
- Matching tRNA Anticodon
- Amino Acid Specific (To Codon)
- AUG Codes For Methionine
- UAA, UAG And UGA Are Termination Codons
2 mins
Competitive Inhibition
- Reversible Inhibition
- Constant Vmax
- Substrate Competes With Inhibitor For The Active Site
- Inhibition Increases Km
1 min
DNA Base Pairing
- Characteristics
- 3' End
- 5' End
- Antiparallel Base Pairing
- Complementary Strands Pair
- Thymine And Adenine Pair
- 2 Hydrogen Bonds
- Adenine and Uracil Pair in RNA
- Guanine And Cytosine Pair
- 3 Hydrogen Bonds
3 mins
DNA Replication
- Characteristics
- DNA Gyrase Uncoils Supercoil
- Helicase Separated DNA Strand
- Single-Strand Binding (SSB) Protein Keeps Strands Separated
- DNA Polymerase Synthesizes New Strand
- 3' To 5' Reading
- Primase Creates RNA Primer
- Telomerase Caps DNA Ends
- DNA Ligase Combines Okazaki Fragments
- Okazaki Fragments On Lagging Strand
4 mins
Enzyme Types
- Characteristics
- Lyases
- Hydrolases
- Transferases
- Isomerases
- Oxidoreductases
- Ligases
1 min
Eukaryotic Post Transcriptional Modification
- Modifications in Nucleus
- mRNA Splicing
- Introns Cut Out
- Exons spliced together
- Alternate Splicing
- 5' Cap added
- 3' Poly A tail added
- Transported to Cytosol
2 mins
Eukaryotic Transcription Regulation
- DNA Silencer Region
- Transcription Factors bind Silencer Region
- Decreased Transcription
- Co-factors can deactivate factors
- Co-factors can activate factors
- DNA Enhancer Region
- Transcription Factors bind Enhancer Region
- Increased Transcription
- Enhancer and Silencer regions can be far from Promoter
2 mins
Non-Competitive Inhibition
- Characteristics
- Reversible Inhibition
- Substrate Freely Binds The Active Site
- Inhibitor Strongly Binds Allosteric Site
- Km Constant
- Enzyme Has Different Conformational Form
- Low Vmax
2 mins
Nucleus
- Characteristics
- Transcription Factors
- Nucleolus Transcribes rRNA
- DNA
- RNA
- Nuclear Membrane is a Bilayer
- Membrane is Continuous with Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Nucleus Surrounded by Cytosol
- Nuclear Pores
2 mins
RNA
- Characteristics
- mRNA
- 3' Poly A Tail
- 5' Cap
- Template For Translation
- rRNA
- Catalyzes Amino Acid Bonds
- Component of Ribosome Enzyme
- tRNA
- Anticodon Region
- 3' Tail Bind To Amino Acid
2 mins
Transcription Overview
- Initiation
- RNA Polymerase Binds Promoter
- Elongation
- DNA Opens by Helicase
- RNA Polymerase Reads 3' to 5'
- Nucleotides Added to 3' End
- Termination
- Stem Loop Formation
- Rho Protein Factor
3 mins
Translation: Elongation & Termination
- Translation: Elongation
- Amino Acid Chain Is Created
- New Amino Acid-tRNA Enters A Site
- GTP and Elongation Factors Help tRNA Enter A Site
- Peptide Chain Binds to New Amino Acid
- Peptide Chain-tRNA Moves to P Site
- Free tRNA in P Site Moves to E Site
- Translation: Termination
- Stop Codon at A Site Causes Termination
- Release Factors Help Complex Disassociate
- Complex Falls Apart
3 mins
Translation: Initiation
- Translation: Initiation
- Ribosome Binds mRNA
- Complex Reads 5' to 3'
- AUG Start Codon
- Initiation Complex Forms
- GTP and Initiation Factor Bring Complex Together
- Met-tRNA Binds P Site
- tRNA With Bound Amino Acids Binds A Site
- Amino Acid Chain Created in Elongation
3 mins
Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency
- Adenosine to Inosine
- Excess ATP
- Inhibition of Ribonucleotide Reductase
- Prevents DNA Synthesis
- Decreases B Cells and T Cells
- Major cause of SCID
1 min
Alkaptonuria
- Autosomal Recessive
- Deficiency of homogentisic acid oxidase
- In degradative pathway of tyrosine to fumarate
- Homogentisic acid harmful to cartilage
- Arthritis
- Dark Connective Tissue
- Urine turns black on standing
1 min
Beriberi (Thiamine Deficiency)
- Thiamine Deficiency
- Dry Beriberi
- Polyneuritis
- Muscle Wasting
- Wet Beriberi
- Dilated Cardiomyopathy
- Edema
51 secs
Biotin (Vitamin B7)
- Mechanism
- Carboxylation Reaction
- Pyruvate Carboxylation to Oxaloacetate
- Propionyl-CoA Carboxylation to Methylmalonyl-CoA
- Acetyl-CoA Carboxylation to Malonyl CoA
- Deficiency Causes
- Antibiotic Use
- Ingestion of Raw Eggs
- Signs & Symptoms
- Alopecia
- Dermatitis
- Enteritis
2 mins
Classic Galactosemia
- Pathophysiology
- Autosomal Recessive
- Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase is Absent (GALT)
- Impaired Galactose-1-P to UDP-Galactose
- Galactitol Accumulation in Lens
- Signs and Symptoms
- Infantile Cataracts
- Failure to Thrive
- Hepatomegaly
- Jaundice
- Intellectual Disability
- Increased Risk E. Coli Sepsis
2 mins
