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Alexander Shared "Neuro" - 25 Picmonics

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Neuro

Closed-Angle Glaucoma
Primary
Lens causes pupillary obstruction
Aqueous humor builds behind iris
Iris bends forward, obstructing trabecular mesh
Secondary
Hypoxia Causes Neovascular Proliferation
Contraction and obstruction of trabecular mesh
Chronic disease (Crone)
Asymptomatic
Acute Disease
Eye pain and blindness
Rock-hard eye
Headache
Emergency
Epinephrine contraindicated
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2 mins
External Eye Abnormalities
Extraocular Muscle Dysfunction
Strabismus
Eyelid Abnormalities
Exophthalmos
Ptosis
Ectropion
Entropion
eyelid lesions
Blepharitis
Dacryocystitis
Hordeolum (Stye)
Chalazion
Pupil Abnormalities
Anisocoria
Mydriasis
Miosis
Abnormalities on Cornea and Iris
Pterygium
Hyphema
Hypopyon
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4 mins
Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy
Prostaglandin Analogs
Beta-Blockers
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)
Combination Therapy
Monitoring and Follow-up
Surgical Considerations
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3 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
Change in LOC
Headache
Cushings Triad
Irregular Respirations
Widening Pulse Pressure
Bradycardia
Projectile Vomiting
Abnormal Pupils
Papilledema
Posturing
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2 mins
Open-Angle Glaucoma
Humor Has Access to Trabecular Meshwork
Presentation
Painless
African American
Elderly
Positive Family History
Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Most Common Form of Glaucoma
Unknown Mechanism
Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Blocked Trabecular Meshwork (With Open-Angle)
WBCs
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
Retinal Products
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2 mins
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Mechanism
Dry (nonexudative)
Wet (exudative)
Signs and Symptoms
Scotomas
Blurred, Darkened Vision
Loss of Central Vision
Distortion of Vision
Considerations
Drug Therapy
Surgery
Low-vision Assistive Devices
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2 mins
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Characteristics
Hereditary Retinal Degeneration
Clinical Features
Night Blindness
Contrast and Color Defects
Tunnel Vision
Associations
Abetalipoproteinemia
Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
Refsum Disease
Diagnosis
Bone Spicule-shaped Retinal Deposits
Considerations
Permanent Blindness
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2 mins
Cataract
Mechanism
Age-related
Assessment
No Pain
Cloudy Opaque Lens
Decreased Visual Acuity
Occurs Gradually
Treatment
Surgery
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1 min
Hypertensive Retinopathy
Etiology
Chronic Hypertension
Fundoscopic Findings
Flame Hemorrhages
Arteriovenous Nicking
Retinal Microaneurysms
Cotton Wool Spots
Macular Star
Papilledema
Treatment
Lower Blood Pressure
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2 mins
Common Eye Disorders
Common Eye Disorders
Conjunctivitis
Refractive Errors
Presbyopia
Cataract
Glaucoma
Uveitis
Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Diabetic Retinopathy
Retinal Detachment
Leukocoria
Cranial Nerve Palsies
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4 mins
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Characteristics
Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage
Often Asymptomatic
Fundoscopic Findings
Retinal Microaneurysms
Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
Cotton Wool Spots
Hard Exudates
Macular Edema
Management
Treat Diabetes
Laser Photocoagulation
Bevacizumab
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3 mins
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Characteristics
Angiogenesis
Increased VEGF
Asymptomatic Until Late-stage
Fundoscopic Findings
Vitreous Hemorrhage
Retinal Detachment
Glaucoma
Findings of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Management
Laser Photocoagulation
Surgery
Bevacizumab
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2 mins
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
Etiology
Atherosclerosis
Atrial Fibrillation
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
Clinical Features
Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
Descending Curtain
Fundoscopic Findings
Retinal Plaques
Grayish Retinal Discoloration
Cherry Red Spot on Macula
Diagnosis
Ultrasound
Interventions
Ocular Massage
Reduce Intraocular Pressure
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3 mins
Detached Retina
Assessment
Flashes of Light
Floaters
Curtain Like Shadow
Interventions
Eye Patch
Bed Rest
Surgical Emergency
Considerations
No Vigorous Activity
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2 mins
Hemangioblastoma
Most Often Cerebellar
Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
Retinal Angiomas
Can Produce EPO
Secondary Polycythemia
Foamy Cells
High Vascularity
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59 secs
Meniere's Disease
Mechanism
Excess Endolymph
Signs and Symptoms
Tinnitus
One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Vertigo
Nausea and Vomiting
Considerations
Meclizine (Antivert)
Low Salt Diet
Surgery
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2 mins
Cholesteatoma
Pathophysiology
Overgrowth of Desquamated Keratin Debris
Middle Ear
Erosion of Ossicles
Types
Congenital
Acquired
Sign and Symptoms
Painless Otorrhea
Conductive Hearing Loss
Dizziness
Association
Chronic Otitis Media
Treatment
Surgery
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2 mins
Vertigo
Peripheral vertigo
Vestibular Neuritis
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Meniere's Disease
Central vertigo
Brainstem Or Cerebellum
Vertical Nystagmus
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2 mins
Vestibular Disorders
Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Vestibular Neuritis
Labyrinthitis
Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma)
Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Meniere's Disease
Perilymphatic Fistula
Central Vestibular Disorders
Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
Traumatic Head Injury
Vestibular Migraine
Brainstem & Cerebellar Conditions
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3 mins
Nystagmus
Pathophysiology
Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) Dysfunction
Vestibular Injury
Signs & Symptoms
Concussion
Upbeating or Horizontal Beating Eyes
Oscillopsia
Diagnosis
HINTS (Head Impulse-Nystagmus-Test of Skew)
History Examination
INFARCT (Impulse Normal Fast-phase Alternating Refixation on Cover Test)
Visual Acuity Test
Treatment
Brandt-Daroff Maneuver
Epley Maneuver
Baclofen
Considerations
Congenital vs Acquired
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4 mins

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Alexander Shared Neuro - 25 Picmonics