Alexander Shared "Neuro" - 25 Picmonics
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Neuro
Closed-Angle Glaucoma
- Primary
- Lens causes pupillary obstruction
- Aqueous humor builds behind iris
- Iris bends forward, obstructing trabecular mesh
- Secondary
- Hypoxia Causes Neovascular Proliferation
- Contraction and obstruction of trabecular mesh
- Chronic disease (Crone)
- Asymptomatic
- Acute Disease
- Eye pain and blindness
- Rock-hard eye
- Headache
- Emergency
- Epinephrine contraindicated
2 mins
External Eye Abnormalities
- Extraocular Muscle Dysfunction
- Strabismus
- Eyelid Abnormalities
- Exophthalmos
- Ptosis
- Ectropion
- Entropion
- eyelid lesions
- Blepharitis
- Dacryocystitis
- Hordeolum (Stye)
- Chalazion
- Pupil Abnormalities
- Anisocoria
- Mydriasis
- Miosis
- Abnormalities on Cornea and Iris
- Pterygium
- Hyphema
- Hypopyon
4 mins
Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy
- Prostaglandin Analogs
- Beta-Blockers
- Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
- Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (CAIs)
- Combination Therapy
- Monitoring and Follow-up
- Surgical Considerations
3 mins
Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Assessment
- Change in LOC
- Headache
- Cushings Triad
- Irregular Respirations
- Widening Pulse Pressure
- Bradycardia
- Projectile Vomiting
- Abnormal Pupils
- Papilledema
- Posturing
2 mins
Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Humor Has Access to Trabecular Meshwork
- Presentation
- Painless
- African American
- Elderly
- Positive Family History
- Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Most Common Form of Glaucoma
- Unknown Mechanism
- Secondary Open-Angle Glaucoma
- Blocked Trabecular Meshwork (With Open-Angle)
- WBCs
- Red Blood Cells (RBC)
- Retinal Products
2 mins
Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
- Mechanism
- Dry (nonexudative)
- Wet (exudative)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Scotomas
- Blurred, Darkened Vision
- Loss of Central Vision
- Distortion of Vision
- Considerations
- Drug Therapy
- Surgery
- Low-vision Assistive Devices
2 mins
Retinitis Pigmentosa
- Characteristics
- Hereditary Retinal Degeneration
- Clinical Features
- Night Blindness
- Contrast and Color Defects
- Tunnel Vision
- Associations
- Abetalipoproteinemia
- Kearns-Sayre Syndrome
- Refsum Disease
- Diagnosis
- Bone Spicule-shaped Retinal Deposits
- Considerations
- Permanent Blindness
2 mins
Cataract
- Mechanism
- Age-related
- Assessment
- No Pain
- Cloudy Opaque Lens
- Decreased Visual Acuity
- Occurs Gradually
- Treatment
- Surgery
1 min
Hypertensive Retinopathy
- Etiology
- Chronic Hypertension
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Flame Hemorrhages
- Arteriovenous Nicking
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Macular Star
- Papilledema
- Treatment
- Lower Blood Pressure
2 mins
Common Eye Disorders
- Common Eye Disorders
- Conjunctivitis
- Refractive Errors
- Presbyopia
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
- Uveitis
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration
- Diabetic Retinopathy
- Retinal Detachment
- Leukocoria
- Cranial Nerve Palsies
4 mins
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Increased Capillary Permeability and Leakage
- Often Asymptomatic
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Microaneurysms
- Flame-shaped Hemorrhages
- Cotton Wool Spots
- Hard Exudates
- Macular Edema
- Management
- Treat Diabetes
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Bevacizumab
3 mins
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Characteristics
- Angiogenesis
- Increased VEGF
- Asymptomatic Until Late-stage
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Vitreous Hemorrhage
- Retinal Detachment
- Glaucoma
- Findings of Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
- Management
- Laser Photocoagulation
- Surgery
- Bevacizumab
2 mins
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion
- Etiology
- Atherosclerosis
- Atrial Fibrillation
- Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis
- Clinical Features
- Sudden Painless Monocular Vision Loss
- Descending Curtain
- Fundoscopic Findings
- Retinal Plaques
- Grayish Retinal Discoloration
- Cherry Red Spot on Macula
- Diagnosis
- Ultrasound
- Interventions
- Ocular Massage
- Reduce Intraocular Pressure
3 mins
Detached Retina
- Assessment
- Flashes of Light
- Floaters
- Curtain Like Shadow
- Interventions
- Eye Patch
- Bed Rest
- Surgical Emergency
- Considerations
- No Vigorous Activity
2 mins
Hemangioblastoma
- Most Often Cerebellar
- Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau
- Retinal Angiomas
- Can Produce EPO
- Secondary Polycythemia
- Foamy Cells
- High Vascularity
59 secs
Meniere's Disease
- Mechanism
- Excess Endolymph
- Signs and Symptoms
- Tinnitus
- One-sided Sensorineural Hearing Loss
- Vertigo
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Considerations
- Meclizine (Antivert)
- Low Salt Diet
- Surgery
2 mins
Cholesteatoma
- Pathophysiology
- Overgrowth of Desquamated Keratin Debris
- Middle Ear
- Erosion of Ossicles
- Types
- Congenital
- Acquired
- Sign and Symptoms
- Painless Otorrhea
- Conductive Hearing Loss
- Dizziness
- Association
- Chronic Otitis Media
- Treatment
- Surgery
2 mins
Vertigo
- Peripheral vertigo
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
- Meniere's Disease
- Central vertigo
- Brainstem Or Cerebellum
- Vertical Nystagmus
2 mins
Vestibular Disorders
- Peripheral Vestibular Disorders
- Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Labyrinthitis
- Vestibular Schwannoma (Acoustic Neuroma)
- Bilateral Vestibular Hypofunction
- Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
- Meniere's Disease
- Perilymphatic Fistula
- Central Vestibular Disorders
- Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency
- Traumatic Head Injury
- Vestibular Migraine
- Brainstem & Cerebellar Conditions
3 mins
Nystagmus
- Pathophysiology
- Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) Dysfunction
- Vestibular Injury
- Signs & Symptoms
- Concussion
- Upbeating or Horizontal Beating Eyes
- Oscillopsia
- Diagnosis
- HINTS (Head Impulse-Nystagmus-Test of Skew)
- History Examination
- INFARCT (Impulse Normal Fast-phase Alternating Refixation on Cover Test)
- Visual Acuity Test
- Treatment
- Brandt-Daroff Maneuver
- Epley Maneuver
- Baclofen
- Considerations
- Congenital vs Acquired
4 mins
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