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Joel Shared "IHL II Exam II" - 95 Picmonics

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IHL II Exam II

Vincristine (Oncovin)
Mechanism
Vinca Alkaloid
Inhibits Microtubules
Indications
Leukemias
Lymphomas
Side Effects
Peripheral Neuropathy
Paralytic Ileus
Considerations
Vesicant
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2 mins
Cyclophosphamide
Mechanism
Requires Bioactivation by Liver
Cross-links DNA
Guanine N7 Position
Indications
Autoimmune Disorders
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Solid Tumors
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Hemorrhagic Cystitis
Prevent with Mesna
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3 mins
Cisplatin
Indications
Carcinomas
Ovarian
Bladder
Lung
Testicular
Mechanism
Cross-Links DNA
Side Effects
Ototoxicity
Nephrotoxicity
Treat with Amifostine and Chloride Diuresis
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2 mins
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)
Indications
Solid Tumors
Lymphomas and Leukemias
Mechanism
Free Radical Production
Intercalates DNA
Prevents Double Helix from Sealing
Side Effect
Cardiotoxicity
Dexrazoxane Decreases Toxicity
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1 min
Bleomycin
Indications
Testicular Cancer
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Mechanism of Action
Induces Free Radical Formation
Breaks in DNA Strands
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Skin Changes
Mucositis
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1 min
Etoposide
Indications
Small Cell Lung Cancer
Testicular Cancer
Mechanism of Action
Inhibits Topoisomerase II
Errors in DNA Synthesis Cause Apoptosis
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Alopecia
Hypotension
Nausea and Vomiting
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2 mins
Methotrexate
Indications
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cancer
Medical Abortion
Mechanism
Folic Acid Analog
Inhibits Dihydrofolate Reductase
Side Effects
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Myelosuppression is Treated with Leucovorin Rescue (Folinic Acid)
Macrocytic Anemia
Hepatitis
Teratogenic
Mucositis
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2 mins
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
Mechanism
Antimetabolite
"Thymine-less Death"
Indications
Slow-growing Solid Tumors
Co-administered with Leucovorin for Stomach Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma (Topical)
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Severe Diarrhea
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3 mins
Trastuzumab
Indications
HER-2+ Breast Cancer
Stomach Cancer
Mechanism
Monoclonal Antibody Against HER-2
Inhibition of Cellular Signaling
Cytotoxicity
Side effects
Cardiotoxicity
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1 min
Imatinib (Gleevec)
Indications
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Inhibitor of BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase
Caused by Philadelphia Chromosome
GI Stromal Tumors
Inhibitor of C-kit Tyrosine Kinase
Toxicity
Fluid Retention
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1 min
Hydroxyurea
Mechanism
Inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase
Decreased DNA Synthesis
S-phase Specific
Indications
Melanoma
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Sickle Cell Disease
Through Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
Side Effects
Myelosuppression
GI Distress
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2 mins
Rituximab
Indications
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Microscopic Polyangiitis (MPA)
Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Formerly Wegener's)
Mechanism
Monoclonal Antibody Against CD20
Found on B Cell Neoplasms
Side Effects
Infusion Reactions
Skin and Mouth Reactions
Reactivation of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
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3 mins
Prednisone (Glucocorticoids)
Mechanism
Glucocorticoid
Indications
Inflammatory Conditions
Organ Transplant Rejection
Side Effects
Cataracts and Glaucoma
Cushing's Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Immunosuppression
Hyperglycemia
Ulcers
Considerations
Adrenal Insufficiency
Taper Gradually
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2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Pathophysiology
Pathophysiology
Reed-Sternberg Cells
Binucleate
Owl's Eyes Appearance
CD 15 and CD 30
B Cell Origin
Bimodal Age Distribution
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2 mins
Hodgkin Lymphoma Signs & Symptoms
Signs and Symptoms
Localized Single Group of Lymph Nodes
Contiguous Spread
Constitutional B Symptoms
Low-Grade Fever
Night Sweats
Weight Loss
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2 mins
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Assessment
Cause
Lymphatic Cancer
Non-Contiguous Spread
B or T Cells
Assessment
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Constitutional B Signs
Night Sweats
Fever
Weight Loss
Mediastinal or Abdominal Mass
Considerations
Older Adults
> 60 Subtypes
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2 mins
Burkitt's Lymphoma
Adolescents or young adults
C-myc gene moves next to heavy chain Ig gene
T 8;14
Starry sky appearance
Sheets of lymphocytes with interspersed macrophages
Jaw lesion in endemic (African) form
Pelvis or abdomen in non endemic form (American form)
Associated with EBV
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2 mins
Follicular Lymphoma
Derives from Germinal Center
Occurs in adults
T14;18
BCL 2 overexpression
BCL 2 inhibits apoptosis
Indolent
Generalized lymphadenopathy
Bone marrow involvement
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2 mins
Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma
Epidemiology
Most Common Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Usually in Older Adults
20% in Children
Features
May be Mature T Cell in Origin
Derives from Germinal Center
GI Tract and Brain
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2 mins
Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Older Males
Activation of Cyclin D Gene
T 11;14
CD5
Poor Prognosis
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55 secs

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