Jonathan Shared "Created" - 14 Picmonics
With Picmonic, facts become pictures. We've taken what the science shows - image mnemonics work - but we've boosted the effectiveness by building and associating memorable characters, interesting audio stories, and built-in quizzing. Whether you're studying for your classes or getting ready for a big exam, we're here to help.
Created
Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs)
- Response to therapy takes weeks
- First Line
- Methotrexate
- Second Line
- Sulfsalazine
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Minocycline
- TNF-alpha inhibtors
- Rheumatoid arthritis
Porphyria cutanea tarda
- Epidemiology
- #1 most common porphyria in adults
- Mechanism
- Autosomal dominant mutation in uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase
- Symptoms and Complications
- Skin manifestations: blisters and bullae, hypo and hyperpigmented lesions due to photosensitivity effect of porphyrins
- Tea-colored urine due to build-up of uroporphyrin
- Urine fluoresces red/pink under wood's lamp
- Treatment
- Phlebotomy
- Low-dose hydroxychloroquine is an alternative tx
Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP)
- Mechanism and Characteristics
- Autosomal dominant
- Defect in porphobilinogen deaminase (PD)
- Signs and Symptoms
- Worsened by alcohol and p450 inducers
- 6 P's
- Treatment
- Glucose loading and IV hemin
Rett syndrome
- Neurodevelopmental disorder that occurs mainly in girls
- Characterized by normal development until 5-18 months old
- Signs and symptoms
- Loss of motor and language skills
- Stereotypic hand movements (wringing of the hands)
- Deceleration of head growth
- Other features include seizures, intellectual disability, autistic features, and breathing abnormalities
- Mechanism
- Caused by de novo mutations in X-linked MECP2 gene
Riedel's thyroiditis
- Riedel's thyroiditis overview info
- Epidemiology
- Average age affected is ~40
- Pathophys
- FIbrous tissue replaces thyroid parenchyma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Fixed
- Painless
- Hard-as-wood (rock-like)
- Histology
- Fibrosis that extends beyond the thyroid capsule
- Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate with abundant IgG4 producing plasma cells
- Do not confuse with Anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid (painless, hard as wood thyroid in OLDER patients)
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
- Pathophysiology
- Idiopathic avascular necrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis
- Epidemiology
- Most commonly seen in children ages 4-8
- Males affected 5X more than females
- Signs and symptoms
- Insidious onset of painless limp followed by intermittent pain in knee, hip, groin, or thigh
- Radiographic findings of asymmetric hips
- Treatment
- Containment of the hip within the acetabulum
McCune-Albright syndrome
- Defined by the 4 P's
- Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
- Pigmented skin lesions (cafe-au-lait spots/"Coast of Maine" spots)
- Precocious puberty (and other endocrine abnormalities)
- Genetics
- Displays mosaicism
- Caused by a non-inherited, somatic, gain-of-function mutation of the GNAS gene of chromosome 20
- X-ray
- Well-circumscribed, radiolucent lesion with "ground glass" appearance
Leuprolide
- GnRH agonist
- Continuous use inhibits FSH and LH secretion
- Treatment uses
- Prostate cancer
- ER-positive breast cancer
- BPH
- Endometriosis
Central Pontine Myelinolysis
- Known as "Locked in Syndrome"
- Mechanism
- Too rapid correction of hyponatremia
- Demyelination at the base of the pons
- Damages corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
- Trochlear and Oculomotor nerves spared
Fibromyalgia
- Symptoms
- Widespread musculoskeletal pain
- Fatigue
- Impaired concentration and attention
- Depression and anxiety
- Duration >3 months
- Epidemiology
- Most common in females age 20-55
- Exam findings
- Absence of joint or muscle inflammation
- Normal acute phase reactants (ESR and CRP)
Fanconi Anemia
- Most common form of inherited aplastic anemia
- Caused by inherited defects in non-homologous end-joining
- Signs and Symptoms
- Hypopigmented Areas of Skin
- Cafe au lait spots
- Microcephaly
- Thumb abnormalities
- Elevated serum AFP in 50% of cases
- Increased HbF (Fetal Hemoglobin)
- Diagnosis
- Culturing lymphocytes and observing extensive chromosomal breakage in the presence of DNA cross-linking agents
- Risk of developing
- Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Squamous cell carcinoma of head, neck, or vulva
- Treatment
- Treatment
Praziquantel
- Mechanism of Action
- Increases membrane permeability to Calcium ions
Frontal lobe lesions
- R-sided lesion
- Disinhibited Behavior
- L-sided lesion
- Apathy and depression
I-cell disease
- Inherited lysosomal storage disorder
- Defect in NAG-1 phosphotransferase enzyme
- Lysosomal enzymes fail to be tagged for lysosomes
- Increased lysosomal enzymes in the plasma
- Signs and Symptoms
- Coarse facial features
- Corneal Clouding
- Restricted joint movements
- Often fatal in childhood
